Simoni Vasilyevich Petlyura (1879-1926) - Mtsogoleri wankhondo komanso wandale waku Ukraine, wamkulu wa Directory of the People's Republic of People munthawi ya 1919-1920. Chief ataman wankhondo ndi navy.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Simon Petlyura, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Petliura.
Mbiri ya Simon Petlyura
Simon Petlyura adabadwa pa Meyi 10 (22), 1879 ku Poltava. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja lalikulu komanso losauka la cabman. Ali wachinyamata, adasankha kukhala wansembe.
Pankhaniyi, Simon adalowa seminare yaumulungu, komwe adathamangitsidwa chaka chatha chifukwa chofuna kuchita ndale. Ali ndi zaka 21, adakhala membala wa Chipani cha Chiyukireniya (RUP), wotsalira wotsata malingaliro akumayiko akumanzere.
Posakhalitsa Petlyura adayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mtolankhani wa Literary-Scientific Bulletin. Magaziniyi, yemwe mkonzi wake wamkulu anali Mikhail Hrushevsky, idasindikizidwa ku Lvov.
Ntchito yoyamba ya Simon Petliura inali yodzipereka ku boma la maphunziro ku Poltava. M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, adagwira ntchito m'mabuku monga "Mawu", "osauka" ndi "Uthenga Wabwino".
Ndale ndi nkhondo
Mu 1908, Petliura adakhazikika ku Moscow, komwe adapitiliza kuchita maphunziro ake. Apa adapeza ndalama polemba zolemba zakale komanso zandale.
Chifukwa cha erudition ndi erudition yake, Simon adalandiridwa pagulu la ophunzira anzeru achi Russia. Ndipamene anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi Grushevsky.
Kuwerenga mabuku komanso kulumikizana ndi anthu ophunzira, Petliura adakhala munthu wowerenga kwambiri, ngakhale anali wopanda maphunziro apamwamba. Grushevsky yemweyo adamuthandiza kutenga njira zandale.
Mnyamatayo adapeza Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918) ngati wachiwiri kwa woimira All-Russian Union of Zemstvos and Cities. Pa nthawi imeneyi ya mbiri, iye anali nawo mu kotunga asilikali Russian.
Poterepa, a Simon Petliura nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi asitikali, popeza adakwanitsa kupambana ulemu wawo. Izi zidamulola kuti azichita bwino kwambiri zandale ku Ukraine.
Petliura adakumana ndi Revolution ya Okutobala ku Belarus, ku Western Front. Ndiyamika luso lake oralical ndi wachikoka, iye anakwanitsa bungwe mabungwe Chiyukireniya usilikali - kuchokera regiment kutsogolo lonse. Pasanapite nthawi, anzake adamukweza kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo laku Ukraine lankhondo.
Zotsatira zake, Simon adadzakhala m'modzi mwa anthu ofunikira mu ndale zaku Ukraine. Kukhala mlembi wa zankhondo za 1 boma la Ukraine, lotsogozedwa ndi Volodymyr Vynnychenko, adayamba kusintha gulu lankhondo.
Nthawi yomweyo, a Petliura nthawi zambiri amalankhula kumisonkhano yachipani, komwe amalimbikitsa malingaliro awo. Makamaka, adalankhula za "Padziko lonse lapansi pazankhondo" komanso "Pa nkhani zamaphunziro." Mwa iwo, adapempha nthumwi kuti zithandizire pulogalamu yokhudza kusintha kwamaphunziro asitikali aku Ukraine mchilankhulo chawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Simon adalimbikitsa lingaliro lomasulira malamulo onse ankhondo ku Chiyukireniya, komanso kusintha zina m'mabungwe azankhondo omwe ali mdera la Ukraine. Pankhaniyi, ali ndi omutsatira ambiri okonda dziko lako.
Mu Disembala 1918, asitikali opangidwa ndi Petliura adayamba kulamulira Kiev. Pakati pa Disembala, adayamba kulamulira, koma ulamuliro wake udangokhala mwezi ndi theka. Usiku wa pa 2 February, 1919, mwamunayo anathawa mdzikolo.
Mphamvu zikakhala m'manja mwa Simoni, adasowa luso lakuutaya. Anadalira thandizo lochokera ku France ndi Great Britain, komabe mayiko awa analibe nthawi yaku Ukraine. Iwo anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugawa madera nkhondo itatha.
Zotsatira zake, Petliura analibe pulani yomveka yopititsira patsogolo vutoli. Poyamba, adapereka lamulo lokhudza mabanki azamalonda, koma atatha masiku awiri adaziimitsa. M'miyezi ingapo yaulamuliro wake, adakhuthura mosungira chuma, akuyembekeza kuti amuthandiza ku Europe.
Pa Epulo 21, 1920, m'malo mwa UPR, a Simon adasaina mgwirizano ndi Poland pakulimbana ndi gulu lankhondo la Soviet. Malinga ndi mgwirizano, UPR idapatsa Galicia ndi Volyn ma Poles, zomwe zinali zoyipa kwambiri mdzikolo.
Pakadali pano, anarchists anali kuyandikira ku Kiev, pomwe asitikali a Bolshevik anali kupita kuchokera kummawa. Poopa kulamulira mwankhanza, a Simon Petliura osokonezeka adaganiza zothawa ku Kiev ndikudikirira mpaka zonse zitakhala bata.
M'ngululu ya 1921, atasainirana Pangano la Mtendere la Riga, Petliura adasamukira ku Poland. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Russia idalamula kuti anthu aku Poland abwezere nzika zaku Ukraine. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Simon athawire ku Hungary, kenako ku Austria ndi Switzerland. Mu 1924 anasamukira ku France.
Moyo waumwini
Petlyura ali ndi zaka 29, adakumana ndi Olga Belskaya, yemwenso anali ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi ake. Zotsatira zake, achinyamata adayamba kulankhulana pafupipafupi, kenako nkukhalira limodzi. Mu 1915, okondanawo adakwatirana mwalamulo.
Muukwati uwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wawo wamkazi yekha, Lesya. M'tsogolomu, Lesya adzakhala wolemba ndakatulo, akumwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu ali ndi zaka 30. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mu 1937, panthawi ya "kuyeretsa" kwa Soviet, alongo a 2 Petliura, Marina ndi Feodosia, adawomberedwa.
Kuphedwa kwa Petliura
Simon Petliura adamwalira pa Meyi 25, 1926 ku Paris ali ndi zaka 47. Anaphedwa ndi wolemba milandu dzina lake Samuel Schwarzburd, yemwe adamuwombera zipolopolo 7 pakhomo la malo ogulitsira mabuku.
Malinga ndi Schwarzburd, adapha Petliura potengera kubwezera komwe kunachitika chifukwa cha ziwopsezo zachiyuda za 1918-1920 zomwe adakonza. Malinga ndi Red Cross Commission, Ayuda pafupifupi 50,000 adaphedwa pa ziwopsezozi.
Wolemba mbiri yakale waku Ukraine Dmytro Tabachnyk adati zikalata mpaka 500 zimasungidwa m'malo osungidwa aku Germany kutsimikizira kuti a Simon Petliura amatenga nawo mbali pa ziwombankhangazi. Wolemba mbiri Cherikover ali ndi lingaliro lomweli. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti oweruza aku France amamasula wakupha a Petliura ndikumumasula.
Chithunzi ndi Simon Petlyura
