Pearl Harbor - doko pachilumba cha Oahu, lomwe lili mdera lazilumba zaku Hawaii. Gawo lalikulu la doko ndi madera ozungulira amakhala pakatikati pa Pacific Fleet ya US Navy.
Pearl Harbor idatchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha tsokalo lomwe lidachitika pa Disembala 7, 1941. Japan idazunza magulu ankhondo aku America, chifukwa chake United States nthawi yomweyo idalengeza nkhondo ku Japan, komanso idalowa nawo Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945).
Pearl Harbor kuukira
Kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor kochokera ku Japan kunali kophatikizana. Boma la Japan lidagwiritsa ntchito njirayi:
- 6 zonyamula ndege ndi ndege 441 zankhondo ndi zida zoyenera;
- 2 zombo zankhondo;
- oyenda mosiyanasiyana amadzi;
- Owononga 11 (malinga ndi magwero ena 9);
- 6 sitima zapamadzi.
Polimbana ndi Pearl Harbor, a ku Japan adayesetsa kuthana ndi mphamvu zankhondo za American Pacific Fleet kuti azilamulira m'madzi a Southeast Asia. M'mawa wa Disembala 7, ndege zawo zidapanga opareshoni yowononga mabwalo a ndege ndi zombo zomwe zili ku Pearl Harbor.
Zotsatira zake, zombo zankhondo zaku America zaku 4, owononga 2 ndi zombo 4 zapa mzerewo zidamizidwa, osawerengera oyenda atatu ndi wowononga m'modzi, omwe adawonongeka kwambiri. Zonsezi, ndege za 188 US zidawonongedwa ndipo zina 159 zinawonongeka kwambiri. Pankhondoyi, asitikali aku America 2,403 adaphedwa ndipo 1,178 adavulala.
Chifukwa chake, Japan idawonongeka kocheperako, chifukwa idataya ndege 29 ndi sitima zapamadzi zisanu zazing'ono. Zowonongeka za anthu zidakwana asirikali 64.
Zotsatira
Poganizira za kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor, titha kunena kuti Japan idachita bwino kwambiri pantchitoyi. Zotsatira zake, adakwanitsa kuyang'anira madera ambiri akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Komabe, ngati mungayang'ane chithunzi chonse, ndiye kuti Pacific Fleet ya US Navy, kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor sikunakhale zotsatira zoyipa. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chazombo zonse zakuya, aku America sakanatha kubwezeretsa zinayi zokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, poyesa kuwononga zombo zankhondo komanso ndege, aku Japan sanakhudze zida zingapo zovuta komanso malo osungira omwe United States ingagwiritse ntchito pankhondo zamtsogolo. Onyamula ndege amakono aku America panthawiyo anali kwina, motero sanapwetekedwe.
Zombo zankhondo zankhondo zomwe Japan idawononga zidali zitatha kale ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa izi, sanakhalenso pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa mdani, chifukwa munkhondo yankhondoyo ndiye anali mphamvu yowononga kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kuti Japan idawononga ndege zambiri zaku US, zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, kapena, mwadala, magulu ankhondo aku Japan adaukira Pearl Harbor panthawi yomwe onyamula ndege sanapezeke. Zotsatira zake, zonyamula ndegezi zidakhala gulu lalikulu lankhondo lankhondo laku US pa nkhondoyi.
