Cesare (Kaisara) Borgia (mphaka. Cesar de Borja ndi Catanei, isp. Cesare Borgia; CHABWINO. 1475-1507) - Wandale wakale. Anayesetsa kulephera kukhazikitsa dziko lake m'chigawo chapakati cha Italy motsogozedwa ndi Holy See, yomwe inali ndi abambo ake, Papa Alexander VI.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Cesare Borgia, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Borgia.
Mbiri ya Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia adabadwa mu 1475 (malinga ndi magwero ena mu 1474 kapena 1476) ku Roma. Amakhulupirira kuti anali mwana wa Kadinala Rodrigo de Borgia, yemwe pambuyo pake anadzakhala Papa Alexander VI. Amayi ake anali ambuye a abambo awo otchedwa Vanozza dei Cattanei.
Cesare adaphunzitsidwa kuyambira ali mwana pantchito yauzimu. Mu 1491 adapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira bishopu likulu la Navarre, ndipo patatha zaka zingapo adakwezedwa kukhala Bishopu Wamkulu wa Valencia, zomwe zidamupatsanso ndalama kuchokera kumatchalitchi angapo.
Abambo ake atakhala Papa mu 1493, a Cesare achichepere adasankhidwa kukhala dikoni wa kadinala, akumampatsa ma diocese angapo. Nthawi yonseyi, Borgia adaphunzira zamalamulo ndi zamulungu m'mabungwe abwino kwambiri mdziko muno.
Zotsatira zake, Cesare adakhala wolemba imodzi mwamaumboni abwino kwambiri pamalamulo. Chipembedzo sichinadzutse chidwi cha mnyamatayo, yemwe ankakonda moyo wakudziko kuposa iye komanso kupambana pankhondo.
Mwana wa Papa
Mu 1497, mchimwene wake wamkulu wa Borgia, Giovanni, amwalira mosadziwika bwino. Anaphedwa ndi mpeni, pomwe zinthu zake zonse zidatsalira. Anthu ena olemba mbiri yakale amati Cesare anali wakupha wa Giovanni, koma olemba mbiri alibe umboni wotsimikizira izi.
Chaka chotsatira, Cesare Borgia adasiya ntchito yake ya unsembe, koyamba m'mbiri ya Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Posakhalitsa adakwanitsa kudzizindikiritsa ngati wankhondo komanso wandale.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti fano la Borgia linali mfumu yotchuka ya Roma komanso wamkulu wa Gaius Julius Caesar. Pa malaya a wansembe wakale, panali mawu akuti: "Kaisara kapena palibe."
Munthawi imeneyo, nkhondo zaku Italy zidamenyedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana amfumu. Nthaka izi zidanenedwa ndi a French ndi a Spaniards, pomwe pontiff amafuna kuyanjanitsa madera awa, ndikuwayang'anira.
Atapempha thandizo kwa mfumu yaku France Louis XII (chifukwa chololeza Papa kuti asudzulane ndikuthandizidwa pakubwezeretsa gulu lankhondo) Cesare Borgia adapita kukamenya nkhondo kumadera aku Romagna. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mkulu wolemekezekayo analetsa kulanda midzi yomwe inapereka mwaufulu wawo.
Mu 1500, Cesare adalanda mizinda ya Imola ndi Forli. Chaka chomwecho, adatsogolera gulu lankhondo la apapa, ndikupitilizabe kupambana adani awo. Abambo ndi mwana wanzeru adamenya nkhondo, mosinthana ndikupempha thandizo ku France ndi Spain.
Patatha zaka zitatu, Borgia idalanda gawo lalikulu la Apapa, ndikuphatikizanso madera omwe anali osiyana. Pafupi naye nthawi zonse panali mnzake wokhulupirika Micheletto Corella, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wakupha mbuye wake.
Cesare anapatsa Corellia ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunika kwambiri, zomwe adayesetsa ndi mphamvu zake zonse kuti akwaniritse. Malinga ndi magwero ena, wakuphayo anali ndi mlandu wakupha mkazi wachiwiri wa Lucrezia Borgia - Alfonso waku Aragon.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ena m'nthawi yake akuti posowa ndalama, onse a Borgia adazunza makadinala olemera, omwe chuma chawo atamwalira chidabwerera mosungira chuma cha apapa.
Niccolo Machiavelli ndi Leonardo da Vinci, yemwe anali injiniya m'magulu ake, adalankhula zabwino za a Cesar Borgia ngati mtsogoleri wankhondo. Komabe, kupambana kopambana kunasokonezedwa ndi matenda akulu a abambo ndi ana awo. Atatha kudya m'modzi mwa makadinala, onse a Borgia adayamba malungo, limodzi ndi kusanza.
Moyo waumwini
Palibe chithunzi chimodzi chosainidwa cha Cesare chomwe chapulumuka mpaka lero, motero zithunzi zake zonse zamakono ndizoyeserera. Sizikudziwikanso kuti anali munthu wotani.
M'malemba ena, Borgia amadziwika kuti ndi munthu wonena zoona komanso wolemekezeka, pomwe ena - munthu wachinyengo komanso wokonda magazi. Ananenedwa kuti akuti anali ndi ubale wachikondi ndi atsikana komanso anyamata. Kuphatikiza apo, adalankhulanso zaubwenzi wake ndi mlongo wake yemwe Lucretia.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti woyang'anira wamkuluyo anali Sanchia, yemwe anali mkazi wa mchimwene wake wazaka 15, Jofredo. Komabe, mkazi wake anali msungwana wina, popeza nthawi imeneyo maukwati pakati pa akuluakulu amawa sanathe chifukwa cha chikondi koma pazandale.
Borgia Sr. adafuna kukwatira mwana wake wamwamuna mfumukazi yaku Neapolitan Carlotta waku Aragon, yemwe adakana kukwatiwa ndi Cesare. Mu 1499, mnyamatayo anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa kalonga, Charlotte.
Patatha miyezi inayi, Borgia adapita kukamenya nkhondo ku Italy ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo sanamuwonepo Charlotte ndi mwana wamkazi wobadwa posachedwa Louise, yemwe anali mwana wake wovomerezeka yekha.
Pali mtundu wina womwe atangobwerera kuchokera ku France, Cesare adagwiririra Catherine Sforza, yemwe adateteza linga la Forlì. Pambuyo pake, kunabedwa mokweza mkazi wa mtsogoleri wankhondo Gianbattista Caracciolo wotchedwa Dorothea.
Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, Borgia adazindikira ana awiri apathengo - mwana wa Girolamo ndi mwana wamkazi wa Camilla. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, atakhwima, Camilla adachita malumbiro. Kugonana kosalamulirika kunapangitsa kuti Cesare adadwala chindoko.
Imfa
Atadwala chindoko komanso imfa yadzidzidzi ya abambo ake mu 1503, Cesare Borgia anali atamwalira. Pambuyo pake adapita ndi anzawo apamtima ku Navarre, olamulidwa ndi mchimwene wa mkazi wake Charlotte.
Atawona abale ake, mwamunayo adapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera gulu lankhondo la Navarre. Pofunafuna mdani pa Marichi 12, 1507, Cesare Borgia adamuwombera ndikuphedwa. Komabe, zochitika za imfa yake sizikudziwika bwinobwino.
Amanenedwa zakudzipha, kutaya malingaliro chifukwa cha kukula kwa chindoko komanso kupha anthu chifukwa cha mgwirizano. Mtsogoleriyo adaikidwa m'manda mu Tchalitchi cha Namwali Wodala ku Viana. Komabe, mu nthawi ya 1523-1608. thupi lake linachotsedwa m'manda, chifukwa wochimwa woteroyo samayenera kukhala m'malo oyera.
Mu 1945, pomwe akuti malo obwezeretsedwanso ku Borgia adapezeka mwangozi. Ngakhale anthu akumalowo adapempha, bishopuyo adakana kuyika malirowo mu tchalitchicho, chifukwa chake wamkuluyo adapeza mtendere pamakoma ake. Mu 2007 mokha, Bishopu Wamkulu wa Pamplona adadalitsa kuti atenge zotsalazo kupita ku tchalitchiko.
Chithunzi ndi Cesare Borgia
