Taj Mahal ("Korona Wachifumu") - mzikiti wa mausoleum, womwe uli mumzinda wa Agra ku India. Idakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo la padishah la Baburid empire Shah Jahan, pokumbukira mkazi wa Mumtaz Mahal, yemwe adamwalira pobereka mwana wake wa 14. Pambuyo pake, Shah Jahan yekha adayikidwa pano.
Kuyambira 1983 Taj Mahal yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu UNESCO World Heritage List. Nyumbayi, yomwe idamalizidwa nthawi ya 1630-1653, idamangidwa ndi amisiri 20,000. Lahori amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu wopanga mausoleum, malinga ndi magwero ena, Isa Mohammed Efendi.
Ntchito yomanga ndi zomangamanga za Taj Mahal
Mkati mwa Taj Mahal, mutha kuwona manda a 2 - Shah Jahan ndi mkazi wake Mumtaz Mahal. Kutalika kwa nyumbayi yolamulidwa ndi 5 kumafika 74 m, yokhala ndi mita 41 mita pamakona aliwonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma minarets onse amakanidwa dala mosemphana ndi mausoleum, kuti asadzawonongeke ngati angawonongeke. Makoma a Taj Mahal ali ndi miyala yonyezimira, yomwe idayikidwa makilomita 600 kuchokera pamalo omangira.
Nthawi yomweyo, pamakoma mutha kuwona miyala yamtengo wapatali yambiri, kuphatikizapo agate ndi malachite. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nthawi zosiyanasiyana mabulosi amasintha mtundu wake: m'mawa - pinki, masana - oyera, komanso pansi pa kuwala kwa mwezi - silvery.
Njira yokhayo ya makilomita 15 yopangidwa ndi dothi lokulungidwa idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuperekera ma marble ndi zida zina zomangira. Pamwamba pake, ng'ombe zamphongo 30 zimakokedwa kamodzi kamodzi, ndikupatsidwa ngolo yapadera. Bwalolo litaperekedwa kumalo omangako, lidakwezedwa pamlingo woyenera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera.
Sitikudziwa kuti panafunika madzi ambiri kuti amange nyumbayi. Kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ali ndi madzi okwanira, omanga mapulaniwo amagwiritsa ntchito madzi amtsinje, omwe amapita nawo kumalo omangako kudzera pa zingwe zazingwe.
Zinatenga pafupifupi zaka 12 kuti amange manda ndi nsanja. Zina zonse za Taj Mahal, kuphatikiza ma minarets, mzikiti, javab ndi Chipata Chachikulu, zidamangidwa motsatizana kwa zaka 10.
Zida zomangira zidaperekedwa kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana aku Asia. Pachifukwachi, njovu zoposa 1000 zidakhudzidwa. Zonse pamodzi, mitundu 28 yamtengo wapatali idagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka miyala yoyala yoyera, yomwe idabwera kuchokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo.
Kuphatikiza pa ogwira ntchito makumi masauzande, anthu 37 ndi omwe anali ndi udindo wopeka Taj Mahal, aliyense wa iwo anali katswiri pa luso lake. Zotsatira zake, omanga adakwanitsa kumanga nyumba yokongola modabwitsa.
Chigawo chonse cha nyumba yonse ya Taj Mahal, pamodzi ndi nyumba zina, zinali ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi a 600 x 300 mita. Makoma oyera bwino opangidwa ndi mabulosi oyera a mausoleum, okongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, amawonetsera kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mwezi.
Mosiyana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi dziwe lalikulu la marble, m'madzi omwe mutha kuwona kuwunikira kwa Taj Mahal. Chipinda chamanda chamanda 8 mchipinda chamkati chimakhala ndi manda a Mumtaz Mahal ndi Shah Jahan.
Chisilamu chimaletsa kukongoletsa bwino malo omwe aikidwa m'manda. Chifukwa chake, matupi a okwatiranawo adayikidwa mchipinda chamkati chosavuta kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zambiri zimabisika pakupanga zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, pazipata zolowera paki yoyandikana ndi mausoleum, mavesi a chaputala 89 cha Korani ajambulidwa kuti: “Iwe mzimu wopuma! Bwererani kwa Mbuye wanu zokhutira ndi zomwe muli nazo! Lowani ndi akapolo anga. Lowani Paradaiso Wanga! "
Kumadzulo kwa mandawo, mutha kuwona mzikiti, wofanana ndi womwe uli ndi nyumba ya alendo (javab). Nyumba yonse ya Taj Mahal ili ndi ma axial symmetry, kupatula manda a Shah Jahan, omwe adamangidwa atamwalira.
Nyumbayi ili ndi munda wokhala ndi akasupe komanso dziwe la 300 m² oblong. Kum'mwera kuli bwalo lotsekedwa lokhala ndi zipata 4, pomwe mausoleums a akazi ena awiri a padishah - Akbarabadi ndi Fatehpuri adamangidwa.
Taj Mahal lero
Ming'alu idapezeka posachedwa pamakoma a Taj Mahal. Akatswiri anayamba kukhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zawo. Pambuyo pofufuza mosamalitsa, asayansi adazindikira kuti ming'aluyo ikadatha kuonekera chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mtsinje wapafupi wa Jamna.
Chowonadi ndichakuti kusowa kwa Jamna kumabweretsa kutsika kwa nthaka, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza apo, Taj Mahal posachedwa yayamba kutaya kuyera kwake kotchuka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpweya.
Pofuna kupewa izi, aboma adalamula kukulitsa malowa ndi kuimitsa ntchito za mabizinesi onse aku Agra. Kugwiritsa ntchito malasha kudaletsedwa pano, posankha gasi wowononga chilengedwe kuposa mafuta amtunduwu.
Komabe, ngakhale atayesedwa, mausoleum akupitilizabe kuwoneka achikaso. Zotsatira zake, pofuna kuyeretsa makoma a Taj Mahal momwe angathere, ogwira nawo ntchito amawatsuka nthawi zonse ndi dothi loyera.
Kuyambira lero, alendo zikwizikwi (5-7 miliyoni pachaka) amabwera kudzawona mausoleum tsiku lililonse, chifukwa bajeti ya dziko la India imadzazidwa kwambiri. Popeza nkoletsedwa kuyendetsa magalimoto okhala ndi injini zoyaka mkati, alendo amayenera kuchoka pa siteshoni yamabasi kupita ku Taj Mahal mwina wapansi kapena pa basi yamagetsi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu 2019, kuti athane ndi zokopa alendo zochulukirapo, amalipiritsa chindapusa alendo omwe amakhala kumalo ovutawo kwa maola opitilira atatu. Tsopano mausoleum ndi amodzi mwazinthu Zisanu ndi ziwiri Zatsopano Padziko Lapansi.
Asanayendere zokopa, alendo amatha kukaona tsamba lovomerezeka la Taj Mahal. Kumeneku mungapeze zambiri zamasiku otsegulira komanso kugulitsa matikiti, mupeze zomwe mungachite ndi zomwe mungachite, komanso kuti mudziwe zambiri zofunika.
Zithunzi za Taj Mahal
