Mowa putschyemwenso amadziwika kuti Kuyika kwa Hitler kapena kupatukana kwa Hitler ndi Ludendorff - kuyesayesa kwa boma la Nazi kutsogozedwa ndi Adolf Hitler pa Novembala 8 ndi 9, 1923 ku Munich. Pakumenyana pakati pa a Nazi ndi apolisi mkatikati mwa mzindawo, a 16 ndi apolisi 4 adaphedwa.
Izi zidakopa chidwi cha anthu aku Germany kwa Hitler, yemwe adawalamula kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 5. Mitu yoyamba m'manyuzipepala padziko lonse lapansi idamupatsa.
Hitler adapezeka olakwa pamlandu woukira boma ndipo adaweruza kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 5. Pomaliza (ku Landsberg) adauza omwe anali nawo m'ndende gawo lina la buku lake "Kulimbana Kwanga".
Kumapeto kwa 1924, atakhala miyezi 9 m'ndende, Hitler adamasulidwa. Kulephera kwa chiwembucho kunamutsimikizira kuti munthu atha kukhala ndi mphamvu kudzera mwalamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zabodza.
Zolinga za putsch
Mu Januwale 1923 Germany idakumana ndi mavuto akulu omwe adayambitsidwa ndi kulanda kwa France. Pangano la Versailles la 1919 lidalamula dziko la Germany kuti lipereke ndalama kumayiko opambana. France idakana kuchita chilichonse, ndikupempha Ajeremani kuti alipire ndalama zambiri.
Pakuchedwa kubwezera, asitikali aku France adalowa mobwerezabwereza kumayiko opanda Germany. Mu 1922, mayiko opambana adagwirizana kuti alandire katundu (chitsulo, miyala, matabwa, ndi zina zambiri) m'malo mwa ndalama. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa, aku France adadzudzula Germany kuti ichedwetsa dala zinthu, pambuyo pake adabweretsa asitikali m'chigawo cha Ruhr.
Izi ndi zina zidadzetsa mkwiyo pakati pa Ajeremani, pomwe boma limalimbikitsa nzika zawo kuti zivomereze zomwe zimachitika ndikupitiliza kulipira. Izi zidapangitsa kuti dzikolo likulekezedwe ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, a ku Germany ankamenyana ndi adaniwo, chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri ankachita chilango. Posakhalitsa akuluakulu a Bavaria, oimiridwa ndi mtsogoleri wawo a Gustav von Kara, adakana kumvera Berlin. Kuphatikiza apo, adakana kumanga atsogoleri atatu odziwika a gulu lankhondo ndikutseka nyuzipepala ya NSDAP Völkischer Beobachter.
Zotsatira zake, a Nazi adapanga mgwirizano ndi boma la Bavaria. Ku Berlin, izi zidamasuliridwa ngati zipolowe zankhondo, chifukwa chake opandukawo, kuphatikiza Hitler ndi omutsatira, adachenjezedwa kuti kukana kulikonse kudzaponderezedwa.
Hitler adalimbikitsa atsogoleri a Bavaria - Kara, Lossov ndi Seiser, kuti aguba ku Berlin, osayembekezera kuti apite ku Munich. Komabe, lingaliro ili linakanidwa mwamphamvu. Zotsatira zake, Adolf Hitler adaganiza zodziyimira pawokha. Anakonza zoti amugwire von Kara ndikumukakamiza kuti athandizire pamsonkhanowu.
Beer putsch ayamba
Madzulo a Novembala 8, 1923, Kar, Lossow ndi Seiser adafika ku Munich kudzasewera aku Bavaria mu holo yomwera mowa ya Bürgerbräukeller. Pafupifupi anthu 3000 adabwera kudzamvera atsogoleri.
Kar atayamba kulankhula, ndege pafupifupi 600 za ku SA zidazungulira holoyo, ndikuyika mfuti mumsewu ndikuziilozetsa kukhomo lakumaso. Nthawi yomweyo, Hitler iyemwini adayima pakhomo atakweza chikho cha mowa.
Posakhalitsa, Adolf Hitler adathamangira pakatikati pa holoyo, adakwera patebulo ndikuwombera padenga nati: "National Revolution yayamba!" Owonerera omwe adasonkhana sanathe kumvetsetsa momwe angakhalire, pozindikira kuti azunguliridwa ndi mazana azida.
Hitler adalengeza kuti maboma onse aku Germany, kuphatikiza Bavaria, achotsedwa. Ananenanso kuti a Reichswehr ndi apolisi anali atalowa kale ku Nazi. Kenako ma speaker atatuwa adatsekedwa mchipinda chimodzi, momwe Nazi yayikulu idadza pambuyo pake.
Kar, Lossow ndi Seiser atamva kuti Hitler apempha thandizo kwa General Ludendorff, ngwazi yankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse (1914-1918), adagwirizana ndi National Socialists. Kuphatikiza apo, adati anali okonzeka kuthandizira lingaliro loguba ku Berlin.
Zotsatira zake, von Kar adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wa Bavaria, ndipo Ludendorff - wamkulu wa asitikali aku Germany (Reichswehr). Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Adolf yemweyo adadzinena yekha kuti chancellor wamkulu. Zotsatira zake pambuyo pake, Kar adalemba chilengezo, pomwe adakwaniritsa malonjezo onse omwe adanenedwa "ndi mfuti."
Adalamulanso kuti NSDAP ichotsedwe komanso magulu azankhondo. Pofika nthawiyo, ndege zowonongekazo zinali zitakhala kale kulikulu la asitikali ku Ministry of War, koma usiku adakanidwa ndi gulu lankhondo, lomwe lidakhalabe lokhulupirika ku boma lomwe lilipo.
Zikatere, a Ludendorff adalangiza kuti a Hitler alowe pakatikati pa mzindawu, akuyembekeza kuti ulamuliro wawo ungathandize kukopa asitikali ndi oyang'anira milandu kumbali ya a Nazi.
Yendani ku Munich
M'mawa wa Novembala 9, a Nazi omwe adasonkhana adapita kubwalo lalikulu la Munich. Adafuna kuchotsa zozungulira muutumiki ndikuziyang'anira. Patsogolo pawo panali Hitler, Ludendorff ndi Goering.
Mkangano waukulu pakati pa ma putchists ndi apolisi udachitikira pabwalo la Odeonsplatz. Ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwa apolisi kunali kochepera nthawi 20, anali ndi zida zankhondo. Adolf Hitler analamula apolisi kuti adzipereke, koma iwo anakana kumumvera.
Mfuti yamagazi idayamba, pomwe a Nazi 16 ndi apolisi 4 adaphedwa. Ma putchists ambiri, kuphatikiza Goering, adavulala mosiyanasiyana.
Hitler, pamodzi ndi omutsatira ake, adayesa kuthawa, pomwe Ludendorff adangoyima pabwalopo ndipo adamangidwa. Maola angapo pambuyo pake, Rem adadzipereka ndi oyendetsa mkuntho.
Zotsatira za mowa putsch
Palibe a Bavaria kapena gulu lankhondo lomwe lidathandizira putch, chifukwa chake idaponderezedwa kwathunthu. Sabata yotsatira, atsogoleri ake onse adamangidwa, kupatula Goering ndi Hess, omwe adathawira ku Austria.
Ophunzira nawo, kuphatikizapo Hitler, adagwidwa ndikutumizidwa kundende ya Landsberg. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti a Nazi adakhala m'ndende m'malo ofatsa. Mwachitsanzo, sanaletsedwe kusonkhana patebulo ndikukambirana nkhani zandale.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi yomwe adamangidwa, Adolf Hitler adalemba zambiri m'buku lake lotchuka, My Struggle. Mkaidi atakhala Fuehrer waku Germany, ayimbira Beer Hall putsch - National Revolution, ndipo alengeza kuti onse 16 adaphedwa asetchists ofera. Mu nthawi ya 1933-1944. Mamembala a NSDAP amakondwerera tsiku lokumbukira putsch chaka chilichonse.
Chithunzi cha Beer Putsch
