Eduard Veniaminovich Limonov (dzina lenileni Savenko; 1943-2020) - Wolemba ku Russia, wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba zandale, wandale komanso wapampando wakale wa oletsedwa ku Russia National Bolshevik Party (NBP), wapampando wakale wachipanichi komanso mgwirizano wa dzina lomweli "Russia Yina".
Woyambitsa ntchito zingapo zotsutsa. Wolemba lingaliro, wolinganiza komanso kutenga nawo mbali "Strategic-31" - ziwonetsero zandale ku Moscow poteteza nkhani ya 31 ya Constitution of the Russian Federation.
M'mwezi wa Marichi 2009, a Limonov adafuna kukhala wotsutsa yekhayo pachisankho cha Purezidenti ku Russia mu 2012. Central Election Commission ya Russian Federation idakana kumulembetsa.
Mbiri ya Limonov ili ndi zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Eduard Limonov.
Wambiri Limonov
Eduard Limonov (Savenko) anabadwa pa February 22, 1943 ku Dzerzhinsk. Iye anakulira m'banja la NKVD Commissar Veniamin Ivanovich ndi mkazi wake Raisa Fedorovna.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
M'mbuyomu, Edward anali mwana ku Lugansk, ndi zaka zake za sukulu - ku Kharkov, yomwe inali yogwirizana ndi ntchito ya bambo ake. Ali mwana, adalumikizana kwambiri ndi dziko lachifwamba. Malinga ndi iye, kuyambira ali ndi zaka 15 adachita nawo zakuba komanso kuba m'nyumba.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mnzake wa Limonov adawomberedwa pamilandu yotere, momwe wolemba wamtsogolo adaganiza zosiya "luso" lake. Pakadali pano mbiri yake, adagwira ntchito yonyamula, zomanga, zopanga zitsulo komanso mthenga m'sitolo yosungira mabuku.
Cha m'ma 60 Eduard Limonov ankasoka jinzi, amene amapeza ndalama zambiri. Monga mukudziwira, nthawi imeneyo kufunika kwa mathalauza otere ku USSR kunali kwakukulu kwambiri.
Mu 1965, Limonov anakumana ndi olemba ambiri akatswiri. Panthawiyo, mnyamatayo anali atalemba ndakatulo zambiri. Patapita zaka zingapo, anaganiza zopita ku Moscow, kumene anapitirizabe kukhala moyo mwa kusoka jinzi.
Mu 1968, Edward adafalitsa zopereka zisanu ndi ndakatulo za samizdat, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha boma la Soviet.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti wamkulu wa KGB Yuri Andropov adamutcha "wotsutsa wotsutsa Soviet". Mu 1974, wolemba wachichepere adakakamizidwa kuchoka mdzikolo chifukwa chokana kuchita nawo ntchito zapadera.
Limonov anasamukira ku United States, komwe anakakhala ku New York. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti apa FBI idachita chidwi ndi zomwe amachita, ndikuyitanitsa mafunso mobwerezabwereza. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti akuluakulu a Soviet adalanda Edward kukhala nzika zake.
Ndale ndi zolembalemba
M'chaka cha 1976, Limonov adadzimanga m'ndende ku New York Times, akufuna kuti adziwe zolemba zake. Buku lake loyamba lotchuka limatchedwa "Ndi Ine - Eddie", lomwe mwachangu lidatchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Pogwira ntchitoyi, wolemba adadzudzula boma la America. Pambuyo pakupambana kolemba koyamba, adasamukira ku France, komwe adagwirizana ndikufalitsa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu "Revolusion". Mu 1987 adapatsidwa pasipoti yaku France.
Eduard Limonov anapitiliza kulemba mabuku omwe amafalitsidwa ku USA ndi France. Kutchuka kwina kunabweretsedwa kwa iye ndi ntchito "Wakupha", yofalitsidwa ku Israel.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, mwamunayo adatha kubwezeretsa nzika zaku Soviet ndikubwerera kwawo. Ku Russia, adayamba ndale. Adakhala membala wa gulu lazandale la LDPR a Vladimir Zhirinovsky, koma posakhalitsa adachoka, akumadzudzula mtsogoleri wawo kuti asalumikizana molakwika ndi mutu waboma komanso modekha.
Pa mbiri ya 1991-1993. Limonov adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo zankhondo ku Yugoslavia, Transnistria ndi Abkhazia, komwe adamenya nkhondo ndikuchita utolankhani. Pambuyo pake adayambitsa National Bolshevik Party, kenako adatsegula nyuzipepala yake "Limonka".
Popeza bukuli lidasindikiza zolemba "zolakwika", a Edward adatsegulidwa mlandu. Iye anali wokonza zochitika zambiri zotsutsana ndi boma, pomwe akuluakulu odziwika, kuphatikiza Zyuganov ndi Chubais, adaponyedwa ndi mazira ndi tomato.
Limonov adayitanitsa abale ake kuti asinthe zida zankhondo. Mu 2000, omuthandizira adachitapo kanthu chachikulu motsutsana ndi Vladimir Putin, pambuyo pake NBP idadziwika ku Russia ngati gulu lochita zinthu zoopsa, ndipo mamembala ake pang'onopang'ono adatumizidwa kundende.
Eduard Veniaminovich mwiniwake anaimbidwa mlandu wokonza gulu lankhondo, ndipo anamangidwa zaka 4.
Komabe, adamasulidwa parole patadutsa miyezi itatu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe anali m'ndende ya Butyrka, adachita nawo zisankho ku Duma, koma sanapeze mavoti okwanira.
Pofika nthawi ya mbiriyo, ntchito yatsopano yolembedwa ndi Limonov, "The Book of the Dead", idasindikizidwa, yomwe idakhala maziko azolemba, ndipo mawu ambiri kuchokera pamenepo adapeza kutchuka. Kenako mwamunayo adakumana ndi mtsogoleri wa gululi "Civil Defense" Yegor Letov, yemwe anali ndi malingaliro ofanana.
Pofuna kuthandizidwa ndi andale, a Eduard Limonov adayesetsa kulowa nawo maphwando osiyanasiyana. Adawonetsa mgwirizano wake ku Social Democratic Party ya Mikhail Gorbachev ndi gulu landale la PARNAS, ndipo mu 2005 adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Irina Khakamada.
Posachedwa Limonov aganiza zofalitsa malingaliro ake, pomwe amayamba blog patsamba lodziwika bwino la "Live Journal". M'zaka zotsatira, adatsegula maakaunti pamawebusayiti osiyanasiyana, pomwe adalemba zolemba pamitu yakale komanso zandale.
Mu 2009, monga mtsogoleri wa mgwirizano wina ku Russia, a Eduard Limonov adakhazikitsa bungwe loteteza ufulu wamsonkhano ku Russia "Strategy-31" - Article 31 ya Constitution of the Russian Federation, yomwe imapatsa nzika ufulu wosonkhana mwamtendere, popanda zida, kuti azichita misonkhano ndi ziwonetsero.
Izi zidathandizidwa ndi ufulu wambiri wa anthu komanso mabungwe andale. Mu 2010, Limonov adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipani china chotsutsa cha Russia, chomwe cholinga chake chinali kuchotsa boma lomwe lilipo "mwalamulo".
Nthawi yomweyo, Edward anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri akulu mu "Marichi Yosatsutsa". Kuyambira 2010s, adayamba kukhala ndi mikangano ndi otsutsa aku Russia. Adatsutsanso Euromaidan yaku Ukraine komanso zochitika zodziwika ku Odessa.
Limonov anali m'modzi wothandizira kwambiri pakulandidwa kwa Crimea kupita ku Russian Federation. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti adachita bwino kutsatira malingaliro a Putin pazomwe amachita ku Donbass. Olemba mbiri yakale ena amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro a Eduard anali okhudzana ndi boma lomwe lilipo.
Makamaka, zochita za "Strategy-31" sizinaletsedwe, ndipo Limonov mwiniyo adayamba kuwonekera pa TV yaku Russia ndikufalitsidwa m'nyuzipepala ya Izvestia. Mu 2013, wolemba adafalitsa zopereka za Maulaliki. Kulimbana ndi mphamvu komanso kutsutsa kwapadera "ndi" Apology of the Chukchi: mabuku anga, nkhondo zanga, akazi anga ".
Kumapeto kwa 2016, a Eduard Limonov adagwira ntchito yolemba nkhani patsamba lachi Russia la tsamba la RT TV. Mu 2016-2017. kuchokera pansi pa cholembera chake kunatuluka ntchito 8, kuphatikiza "The Great" ndi "Fresh Press". M'zaka zotsatira, ntchito zina zambiri zidasindikizidwa, kuphatikiza "Padzakhala Mtsogoleri Wachikondi" ndi "Party of the Dead".
Moyo waumwini
Mu mbiri yaumwini ya Edward, panali azimayi ambiri omwe amakhala nawo pamaukwati aboma komanso ovomerezeka. Woyamba-wamba mkazi wa wolemba anali Anna Rubinstein wojambula, yemwe adadzipachika yekha mu 1990.
Pambuyo pake, Limonov anakwatira wolemba ndakatulo Elena Shchapova. Atasiyana ndi Elena, adakwatirana ndi woimba, wojambula komanso wolemba Natalia Medvedeva, yemwe adakhala naye zaka pafupifupi 12.
Mkazi wotsatira wandale anali Elizabeth Blaise, yemwe adakwatirana naye. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mwamunayo anali wamkulu zaka 30 kuposa wosankhidwa wake. Komabe, ubale wawo udangokhala zaka 3.
Mu 1998, Eduard Veniaminovich wazaka 55 adayamba kukhala limodzi ndi mtsikana wazaka 16 wazaka zakubadwa Anastasia Lysogor. Awiriwo adakhala limodzi zaka pafupifupi 7, kenako adaganiza zosiya.
Mkazi womaliza wa Limonov anali Ammayi Ekaterina Volkova, yemwe adakhala ndi ana kwa nthawi yoyamba - Bogdan ndi Alexandra.
Awiriwo adaganiza zothetsa banja mu 2008 chifukwa cha zovuta zapabanja. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti wolemba adapitiliza kumvera kwambiri mwana wake wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.
Imfa
Eduard Limonov anamwalira pa Marichi 17, 2020 ali ndi zaka 77. Adamwalira ndi zovuta zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni. Wotsutsa adapempha kuti anthu apafupi okha ndi omwe adzakhalepo pamaliro ake.
Zaka zingapo asanamwalire, Limonov adapereka kuyankhulana kwakutali kwa Yuri Dudyu, akugawana zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa kuchokera mu mbiri yake. Makamaka, adavomereza kuti akulandirabe kulandidwa kwa Crimea ku Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhulupirira kuti madera onse olankhula Chirasha ku Ukraine, komanso madera ena a Kazakhstan ochokera ku China, akuyenera kulumikizidwa ku Russian Federation.
Zithunzi za Limonov
