Ivan Stepanovich Konev (1897-1973) - Mtsogoleri wa Soviet, Marshal wa Soviet Union (1944), kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union, yemwe anali ndi Order of Victory. Membala wa Central Committee ya CPSU.
Mbiri ya Konev ili ndi zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Ivan Konev.
Mbiri ya Konev
Ivan Konev adabadwa pa Disembala 16 (28), 1897 m'mudzi wa Lodeino (m'chigawo cha Vologda). Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la olemera Stepan Ivanovich ndi mkazi wake Evdokia Stepanovna. Kuphatikiza pa Ivan, mwana wamwamuna, Yakov, anabadwira m'banja la Konev.
Mtsogoleri wamtsogolo akadali wamng'ono, amayi ake adamwalira, chifukwa chake abambo ake adakwatiranso ndi mkazi wotchedwa Praskovya Ivanovna.
Ali mwana, Ivan adapita kusukulu ya parishi, yomwe adamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1906. Kenako adapitiliza maphunziro ake kusukulu ya zemstvo. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adayamba kugwira ntchito yamafuta.
Ntchito yankhondo
Chilichonse chinkayenda bwino mpaka nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itayamba (1914-1918). M'ngululu ya 1916, Konev adayitanidwa kuti azikagwira ntchito yankhondo. Posakhalitsa adakwera kukhala wamkulu wa osatumizidwa.
Atachotsedwa ntchito mu 1918, Ivan adatenga nawo gawo pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni. Adatumikira ku Eastern Front, komwe zimawoneka ngati wamkulu wankhondo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adatenga nawo gawo pakupondereza kuwukira kodziwika kwa Kronstadt, pokhala Commissar wa likulu lankhondo la Far Eastern Republic.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, Konev anali kale mgulu la Chipani cha Bolshevik. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo, adafuna kulumikizana ndi moyo wankhondo. Mnyamatayo adakulitsa "ziyeneretso" zake ku Military Academy of the Red Army. Frunze, chifukwa iye anali wokhoza kukhala mkulu wa magawano mfuti.
Chaka chimodzi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanayambe (1939-1945), Ivan Konev adapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera gulu lachiwiri la Red Banner Army. Mu 1941, anali kale msilikali wamkulu, wamkulu wa 19 Army.
Pa nkhondo ya Smolensk, gulu la 19 Army anali atazunguliridwa ndi Anazi, koma Konev yekha anali wokhoza kupewa ukapolo, popeza anatha kuchotsa oyang'anira asilikali ndi kulankhulana Regiment ku encirclement ndi. Pambuyo pake, asitikali ake adagwira nawo ntchito ya Dukhovshchina.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zochita za Ivan adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi a Joseph Stalin, omwe amathandizidwa ndi omwe adatsogolera Western Front, komanso adakwezedwa kukhala wamkulu wa wamkulu-wamkulu.
Komabe, motsogozedwa ndi Konev, asitikali aku Russia adagonjetsedwa ndi Ajeremani ku Vyazma. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kutayika kwa anthu ku USSR kuyambira pa 400,000 mpaka 700,000 anthu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti wamkulu awombeledwe.
Mwachiwonekere, izi zikadachitika ngati sikunapempherere kwa a Georgy Zhukov. Wachiwiriyu adasankha kusankha Ivan Stepanovich ngati wamkulu wa Kalinin Front. Zotsatira zake, adagwira nawo nkhondo ku Moscow, komanso pankhondo ya Rzhev, pomwe Red Army sinachite bwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo pake, magulu ankhondo a Konev adagonjetsedwanso pa ntchito yoteteza Kholm-Zhirkovsky. Posakhalitsa adapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera Western Front, koma chifukwa cha kutayika kosayenera kwa anthu, adapatsidwa udindo wolamulira North-Western Front.
Komabe, ngakhale pano Ivan Konev sanathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zake. Asitikali ake adalephera kuchita bwino pantchito yakale ya Russia, chifukwa chake mchilimwe cha 1943 adalamulira Steppe Front. Zinali pano kuti ambiri anasonyeza talente yake monga mkulu.
Konev adadziwika pa Nkhondo ya Kursk komanso nkhondo ya Dnieper, adachita nawo kumasulidwa kwa Poltava, Belgorod, Kharkov ndi Kremenchug. Kenako anachita ntchito zazikulu za Korsun-Shevchenko, pomwe gulu lalikulu la adani lidachotsedwa.
Pogwira ntchito bwino mu February 1944, Ivan Konev adapatsidwa dzina la Marshal wa USSR. M'mwezi wotsatira, adachita chimodzi mwazopambana kwambiri zankhondo yaku Russia - ntchito ya Uman-Botoshan, pomwe m'mwezi umodzi akumenya nkhondo asitikali ake adapita makilomita 300 kumadzulo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pa Marichi 26, 1944, gulu lankhondo la Konev linali loyamba mu Red Army, yomwe idakwanitsa kuwoloka malire amchigawo, ndikulowa mdera la Romania. Pambuyo pa nkhondo zingapo zopambana mu Meyi 1944, adapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera gulu loyamba la Ukraine.
Nthawi yonseyi ya mbiri yake, Ivan Konev adadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu waluso, wokhoza kuchita bwino ntchito zodzitchinjiriza komanso zoyipa. Anatha kuchita bwino ntchito ya Lvov-Sandomierz, yomwe idafotokozedwa m'mabuku azokhudza zankhondo.
Pochita zoyipa za asirikali aku Russia, magulu 8 a adani adazunguliridwa, zigawo zakumadzulo za USSR zidalandidwa ndipo mlatho wa Sandomierz udakhala. Pachifukwa ichi, wamkulu adapatsidwa dzina la Hero of the Soviet Union.
Nkhondo itatha, Konev adatumizidwa ku Austria, komwe adatsogolera Gulu Lankhondo Lapakati ndipo anali Commissioner Wapamwamba. Atabwerera kunyumba, adatumikira m'magulu ankhondo, akusangalala ndi ulemu kwa omwe amagwira nawo ntchito komanso anthu akumayiko ena.
Malingaliro a Ivan Stepanovich, Lavrenty Beria adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Konev anali m'modzi mwa omwe amathandizira kuthamangitsidwa kwa a Georgy Zhukov kuchipani cha Communist, chomwe chidapulumutsa moyo wawo.
Moyo waumwini
Ndi mkazi wake woyamba, Anna Voloshina, wapolisiyo adakumana ali wachinyamata. Muukwati uwu, mnyamata Helium ndi mtsikana Maya anabadwa.
Mkazi wachiwiri wa Konev anali Antonina Vasilieva, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ngati namwino. Okondawa adakumana pachimake cha Great Patriotic War (1939-1941). Mtsikanayo adatumizidwa kwa wamkulu kuti amuthandize ntchito zapakhomo akachira nthenda yayikulu.
Mgwirizanowu, mwana wamkazi, Natalya, anabadwa. Mtsikanayo akamakula, adzalemba "Marshal Konev ndi bambo anga", pomwe adzafotokozere zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera mu mbiri ya kholo lake.
Imfa
Ivan Stepanovich Konev anamwalira pa Meyi 21, 1973 ndi khansa ali ndi zaka 75. Adaikidwa m'manda kukhoma la Kremlin, ndi ulemu wonse woyenera.
Chithunzi ndi Ivan Konev
