Henry Alfred Kissinger (dzina lobadwa - Heinz Alfred Kissinger; wobadwa mu 1923) ndi kazembe waku America, kazembe, komanso waluso pamaubwenzi apadziko lonse lapansi.
United States National Advisor (1969-1975) ndi Secretary of State wa United States (1973-1977). Wopambana pa Mphoto Yamtendere ya Nobel.
Kissinger adakhala woyamba kutsogola kwa TOP-100 odziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe atolankhani adalemba, wopangidwa ndi woweruza waku Chicago Richard Posner.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Kissinger, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Henry Kissinger.
Mbiri ya Kissinger
Henry Kissinger adabadwa pa Meyi 27, 1923 mumzinda waku Germany wa Fürth. Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lachipembedzo chachiyuda. Abambo ake, a Louis, anali mphunzitsi pasukulu, ndipo amayi ake, Paula Stern, anali kugwira ntchito yosamalira nyumba ndikulera ana. Anali ndi mchimwene wake wamng'ono, Walter.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali ndi zaka 15, Henry ndi banja lake anasamukira ku United States poopa kuzunzidwa ndi a Nazi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anali mayi amene adaumirira kuti achoke ku Germany.
Pambuyo pake, abale a a Kissinger omwe adatsalira ku Germany adzawonongedwa pa nthawi ya Nazi. Atafika ku America, banja lawo linakhazikika ku Manhattan. Ataphunzira kwa chaka chimodzi kusukulu yakomweko, Henry adaganiza zosamukira ku dipatimenti yamadzulo, popeza adatha kupeza ntchito pakampani yomwe mabulashi ometera amapangidwa.
Atalandira satifiketi, Kissinger adakhala wophunzira ku City College yakomweko, komwe adaphunzira ukadaulo wa akauntanti. Chakumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945), mwana wazaka 20 adalembedwa ntchito.
Zotsatira zake, Henry adatsogola osamaliza maphunziro ake. Pomwe amaphunzitsidwa usilikali, adawonetsa nzeru komanso kulingalira mwanzeru. Lamulo lake lachijeremani lidamuthandiza kuchita zanzeru zingapo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Kissinger adadzionetsa ngati msirikali wolimba mtima yemwe adamenya nawo nkhondo zovuta. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake, adapatsidwa udindo wa sergeant. Pogwira ntchito mwanzeru, adatha kutsata maofesala angapo a Gestapo ndikuzindikira ambiri owononga, omwe adapatsidwa nyenyezi yamkuwa.
Mu June 1945, a Henry Kissinger adakwezedwa paudindo woyang'anira wamkulu. Chaka chotsatira, adapatsidwa ntchito yophunzitsa ku Sukulu Yanzeru, komwe adagwiranso ntchito chaka china.
Atamaliza ntchito yake yankhondo, Kissinger adalowa Harvard College, kenako adakhala Bachelor of Arts. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chiphunzitso chaophunzira - "Tanthauzo la Mbiri Yakale", adatenga masamba 388 ndipo adadziwika kuti ndiye chidziwitso chomveka bwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya koleji.
Pa mbiri ya 1952-1954. Henry adalandira MA yake ndi Ph.D. kuchokera ku Harvard University.
Ntchito
Monga wophunzira, a Kissinger anali ndi nkhawa ndi mfundo zakunja kwa US. Izi zidapangitsa kuti akonze zokambirana pamsonkhano ku yunivesite.
Unapezekapo ndi atsogoleri achichepere ochokera kumayiko aku Europe ndi America, omwe adafotokoza malingaliro odana ndi chikominisi ndikupempha kuti United States ilimbikitsidwe padziko lonse lapansi. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti semina ngati imeneyi imachitika nthawi zonse pazaka 20 zotsatira.
Wophunzira waluso uja adachita chidwi ndi CIA, yomwe idamupatsa Kissinger thandizo lazachuma. Atamaliza maphunziro ake kuyunivesite, adayamba kuphunzitsa.
Posakhalitsa, a Henry amasankhidwa kukhala wapampando waboma. M'zaka izi adachita nawo ntchito yopanga Defense Research Program. Cholinga chake chinali kulangiza atsogoleri otsogola ndi akuluakulu.
Kissinger anali woyang'anira pulogalamuyi kuyambira 1958 mpaka 1971. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapatsidwa udindo wa mlangizi wa Ntchito Coordination Committee. Kuphatikiza apo, anali pa Council for Nuclear Weapons Safety Research, pokhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika kwambiri pantchitoyi.
Zotsatira za ntchito yake mu National Security Committee inali buku "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy", lomwe lidapangitsa kuti Henry Kissinger adziwike kwambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anali kutsutsana ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, Center for International Relations idatsegulidwa, omwe ophunzira awo anali andale. Henry adagwira ntchito pano kwa zaka pafupifupi 2 ngati wachiwiri kwa manejala. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, pulogalamuyo idapanga maziko a NATO.
Ndale
Mu ndale zazikulu, a Henry Kissinger adakhala akatswiri, omwe malingaliro awo adamvedwa ndi Kazembe wa New York Nelson Rockefeller, komanso Purezidenti Eisenhower, Kennedy ndi Johnson.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwamunayo adalangiza mamembala a Joint Committee, US National Security Council ndi US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Richard Nixon atakhala Purezidenti waku America, adamupanga Henry dzanja lamanja kudziko lachitetezo.
A Kissinger adagwiranso ntchito ya Rockefeller Brothers Foundation, akutumikira pa board ya Chase Manhattan Bank. Kuchita bwino kwa kazembeyo kumadziwika kuti ndikukhazikitsa ubale pakati pa maulamuliro atatu - USA, USSR ndi PRC.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti China idakwanitsa kuthetsa mikangano pakati pa America ndi Soviet Union. Zinali pansi pa Henry Kissinger pomwe mgwirizano unasainidwa pakati pa atsogoleri a USSR ndi USA pankhani yochepetsa zida zankhondo.
Henry adadzitsimikizira kuti anali wosungitsa bata pamkangano pakati pa Palestine ndi Israel mu 1968 ndi 1973. Adachita zonse zotheka kuti athetse nkhondo yaku US-Vietnam, yomwe adapatsidwa mphotho ya Nobel Peace Prize (1973).
M'zaka zotsatira, a Kissinger anali otanganidwa ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa maubwenzi m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Monga kazembe waluso, adatha kuthana ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zidapangitsa kuti atenge zida.
Khama la Henry lidapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi Soviet American-China, womwe udalimbikitsanso udindo waku America pamabwalo apadziko lonse lapansi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ku China adawona chiwopsezo chachikulu mdziko lake kuposa chi Russia.
M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, a Kissinger anali oyang'anira Purezidenti ngati Secretary of State a Richard Nixon ndi Gerald Ford. Anasiya ntchito zaboma mu 1977.
Chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso cha kazembeyo zidafunikira posachedwa ndi Ronald Reagan ndi George W. Bush, omwe amafuna kuti amvetsetse ndi Mikhail Gorbachev.
Atasiya ntchito
Kumapeto kwa 2001, kwa milungu 2.5, a Henry Kissinger adatsogolera Commission of Enquiry pa ziwopsezo za Seputembara 11, 2001. Mu 2007, limodzi ndi anzawo, adasaina kalata yolimbikitsa bungwe la US Congress kuti lisavomereze kuphedwa kwa Armenia.
Henry Kissinger ndi mlembi wa mabuku ndi zolemba zambiri pa Cold War, capitalism, chikominisi ndi zovuta zandale. Malinga ndi iye, kukwaniritsidwa kwamtendere padziko lapansi kudzakwaniritsidwa kudzera pakukula kwa demokalase m'maiko onse adziko lapansi.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, zikalata zambiri zidasinthidwa posonyeza kuti a Henry adatenga nawo gawo pokonzekera ntchito yapadera ya Condor, pomwe akuluakulu otsutsa ochokera kumayiko aku South America adachotsedwa. Mwa zina, izi zidapangitsa kuti akhazikitse ulamuliro wankhanza ku Pinochet ku Chile.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa Kissinger anali Ann Fleicher. Muukwati uwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, David, ndi mtsikana, Elizabeth. Pambuyo paukwati wazaka 15, banjali adaganiza zothetsa banja mu 1964.
Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, Henry adakwatirana ndi Nancy Maginness, yemwe adagwirapo ntchito zaka 15 mu kampani yofunsira mwamuna wake wamtsogolo. Lero banjali amakhala m'nyumba yaying'ono ku Connecticut.
Henry Kissinger lero
Kazembeyo akupitiliza kulangiza akuluakulu. Ndi membala wolemekezeka mu Club yodziwika bwino ya Bilderberg. Mu 2016, Kissinger adalandiridwa ku Russian Academy of Science.
Russian Federation italanda Crimea, a Henry adatsutsa zomwe Putin adachita, akumulimbikitsa kuti azindikire ulamuliro wa Ukraine.
Zithunzi za Kissinger
