Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (nee Kataev) (1903-1987) - Masamu waku Russia ndi Soviet, m'modzi mwa akatswiri masamu azaka za zana la 20. Mmodzi mwa omwe adayambitsa malingaliro amakono amakono.
Kolmogorov adakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri pama geometry, topology, mechanics komanso m'malo angapo masamu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiye mlembi wazaka zoyambira zakale, nzeru, njira ndi sayansi ya ziwerengero.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Andrei Kolmogorov, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Andrei Kolmogorov.
Wambiri Andrei Kolmogorov
Andrey Kolmogorov adabadwa pa Epulo 12 (25), 1903 ku Tambov. Amayi ake, Maria Kolmogorova, adamwalira pobereka.
Bambo wa katswiri wamasamu, Nikolai Kataev, anali katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo. Anali m'modzi mwa Asitikali Olondola Achikhalidwe, chifukwa chake pambuyo pake adapititsidwa ku chigawo cha Yaroslavl, komwe adakumana ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Amayi ake atamwalira, Andrei adaleredwa ndi alongo ake. Mnyamatayo atadutsa zaka 7, adamutengera Vera Kolmogorova, m'modzi mwa azakhali ake a amayi ake.
Abambo a Andrei adaphedwa mu 1919 munthawi ya Denikin. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mchimwene wa abambo ake, Ivan Kataev, anali wolemba mbiri wotchuka yemwe adalemba buku lonena za mbiri yaku Russia. Ana asukulu adaphunzira mbiriyakale pogwiritsa ntchito bukuli kwanthawi yayitali.
Mu 1910, Andrey wazaka 7 adakhala wophunzira pasukulu yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Moscow. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adayamba kuwonetsa luso la masamu.
Kolmogorov adayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a masamu, komanso adawonetsa chidwi ndi zamagulu ndi mbiri.
Pamene Andrey anali ndi zaka 17, analowa mu Dipatimenti ya Masamu ku Moscow University. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti patangotha milungu ingapo atangolowa ku yunivesite, adakwanitsa kupambana mayeso onse.
M'chaka chachiwiri cha maphunziro, Kolmogorov adalandira ufulu wolandila 16 kg ya mkate ndi 1 kg ya batala pamwezi. Panthawiyo, uwu unali mwayi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya, Andrey anali ndi nthawi yambiri yophunzira.
Zochita zasayansi
Mu 1921, chochitika chachikulu chidachitika mu mbiri ya Andrei Kolmogorov. Anakwanitsa kutsutsa chimodzi mwazomwe katswiri wamasamu waku Soviet a Nikolai Luzin, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizira chiphunzitso cha Cauchy.
Pambuyo pake, Andrei adapeza pamunda wazigawo za trigonometric komanso mwatsatanetsatane. Zotsatira zake, Luzin adayitanitsa wophunzirayo ku Lusitania, sukulu yamasamu yomwe Luzin mwiniwake adayambitsa.
Chaka chotsatira, Kolmogorov adapanga chitsanzo cha mndandanda wa Fourier womwe umasunthira pafupifupi kulikonse. Ntchitoyi idakhala chidwi chenicheni padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zake, dzina la wazaka 19 wazamasamu lidatchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Pasanapite nthawi, Andrei Kolmogorov anayamba chidwi kwambiri ndi masamu. Anatha kutsimikizira kuti ziganizo zonse zodziwika bwino, ndikumasulira kwina, zimasandulika ziganizo zamalingaliro anzeru.
Ndiye Kolmogorov anachita chidwi ndi lingaliro la kuthekera, ndipo chifukwa chake, lamulo la ambiri. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, mafunso okhudza kutsimikizika kwa lamuloli asangalatsa malingaliro a akatswiri amasamu nthawi imeneyo.
Mu 1928 Andrey adakwanitsa kutanthauzira ndikuwonetsa zikhalidwe zamalamulo ambiri.
Patatha zaka 2, wasayansi wachichepereyo adatumizidwa ku France ndi Germany, komwe anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi akatswiri a masamu.
Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, Kolmogorov anayamba kuphunzira mozama za maphunziro apamwamba. Komabe, mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake, anali ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi lingaliro la kuthekera.
Mu 1931, Andrey Nikolaevich anasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa ku Moscow State University, ndipo zaka 4 pambuyo pake adakhala dokotala wa sayansi yakuthupi ndi masamu.
M'zaka zotsatira, Kolmogorov mwachangu anagwira ntchito yopanga Big and Small Soviet Encyclopedias. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adalemba zolemba zambiri pamasamu, komanso adasinthanso zolemba za olemba ena.
Madzulo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1941-1945), Andrei Kolmogorov adalandira Mphotho ya Stalin pantchito yake pamalingaliro a manambala osasintha.
Nkhondo itatha, wasayansi anachita chidwi ndi mavuto a chipwirikiti. Posachedwa motsogozedwa kwake, bungwe lapadera la chipwirikiti cham'mlengalenga lidapangidwa ku Geophysical Institute.
Pambuyo pake Kolmogorov, limodzi ndi Sergei Fomin, adafalitsa buku la Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis. Bukuli linatchuka kwambiri moti linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri.
Kenako Andrei Nikolayevich adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa makina akumwamba, machitidwe amphamvu, chiphunzitso cha kuthekera kwa zinthu zomangamanga ndi malingaliro a ma algorithms.
Mu 1954 Kolmogorov adalankhula ku Netherlands pamutu wakuti "General theory of dynamical systems and classic classics". Zochita zake zidadziwika kuti ndizochitika padziko lonse lapansi.
M'malingaliro azinthu zamphamvu, katswiri wamasamu adapanga chiphunzitso cha tori chosasinthika, chomwe pambuyo pake chidapangidwa ndi Arnold ndi Moser. Chifukwa chake panali chiphunzitso cha Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser.
Moyo waumwini
Mu 1942, Kolmogorov anakwatira mnzake mnzake Anna Egorova. Awiriwo adakhala limodzi zaka 45.
Andrei analibe ana ake. Banja la Kolmogorov linakweza mwana wamwamuna wa Egorova, Oleg Ivashev-Musatov. M'tsogolomu, mnyamatayo azitsatira mapazi a abambo ake opezawo ndikukhala katswiri wamasamu.
Olemba mbiri yina ya Kolmogorov amakhulupirira kuti anali ndi malingaliro osavomerezeka. Zimanenedwa kuti akuti adagonana ndi pulofesa wa Moscow State University Pavel Alexandrov.
Imfa
Mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake Kolmogorov ntchito ku yunivesite. M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, adadwala matenda a Parkinson, omwe amapitilira kukula chaka chilichonse.
Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov anamwalira pa October 20, 1987 ku Moscow, ali ndi zaka 84.
Chithunzi ndi Andrey Kolmogorov
