Epicurus - Wafilosofi wakale wachi Greek, woyambitsa Epicureanism ku Athens ("Munda wa Epicurus"). Kwa zaka zambiri za moyo wake, adalemba pafupifupi zolemba za 300, zomwe zidatsalira ndi zidutswa zokha.
Mu mbiri ya Epicurus pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi malingaliro ake anzeru komanso moyo wake.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Epicurus.
Mbiri ya Epicurus
Epicurus adabadwa mu 342 kapena 341 BC. e. pachilumba chachi Greek cha Samos. Timadziwa makamaka za moyo wa wafilosofi chifukwa cha zikumbutso za Diogenes Laertius ndi Lucretius Cara.
Epicurus anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la Neocles ndi Herestrata. Ali mnyamata, anayamba kukonda filosofi, yomwe panthawiyo inali yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa Agiriki.
Makamaka, Epicurus anachita chidwi ndi malingaliro a Democritus.
Ali ndi zaka 18, mnyamatayo adafika ku Athens ndi abambo ake. Posakhalitsa, malingaliro ake pa moyo adayamba kupanga, omwe anali osiyana ndi ziphunzitso za afilosofi ena.
Filosofi ya Epicurus
Epicurus ali ndi zaka 32, adapanga sukulu yakeyake ya nzeru. Pambuyo pake adagula munda ku Athens, komwe adagawana zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi otsatira ake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti popeza sukuluyi inali m'munda wa wafilosofi, idayamba kutchedwa "Munda", ndipo omutsatira Epicurus adayamba kutchedwa "akatswiri anzeru ochokera m'minda."
Pamwamba pakhomo lolowera pasukulupo panali mawu akuti: “Mlendo, ukhala bwino pano. Pano chisangalalo ndicho zabwino kwambiri. "
Malingana ndi ziphunzitso za Epicurus, motero, Epicureanism, dalitso lalikulu kwambiri kwa munthu linali kusangalala ndi moyo, zomwe zinatanthauza kusakhala ndi ululu wakuthupi ndi nkhawa, komanso kupulumutsidwa ku mantha aimfa ndi milungu.
Malinga ndi Epicurus, milunguyo idalipo, koma idalibe chidwi ndi zonse zomwe zidachitika mdziko lapansi komanso miyoyo ya anthu.
Njira yamoyo iyi idadzutsa chidwi cha nzika zambiri za wafilosofi, chifukwa chake anali ndi omutsatira ambiri tsiku lililonse.
Ophunzira a Epicurus anali oganiza okhaokha omwe nthawi zambiri amalowa muzokambirana ndikufunsa maziko azikhalidwe komanso zamakhalidwe.
Epicureanism mwamsanga anakhala wotsutsa wamkulu wa Asitoiki, omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi Zeno wa Kitia.
Panalibe zoterezi mdziko lakale. Ngati Aepikureya ankafuna kuti azisangalala kwambiri ndi moyo, Asitoiki analimbikitsa kudzimana, kuyesa kulamulira maganizo awo ndi zilakolako.
Epicurus ndi omutsatira adayesetsa kudziwa zaumulungu kuchokera momwe zinthu ziliri. Iwo adagawaniza lingaliro ili m'magulu atatu:
- Makhalidwe. Zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa chisangalalo, chomwe ndi chiyambi ndi kutha kwa moyo, komanso chimakhala ngati gawo labwino. Kudzera mwamakhalidwe, munthu amatha kuchotsa mavuto ndi zikhumbo zosafunikira. Zowonadi, ndi munthu yekhayo amene amaphunzira kukhala wokhutira ndi zochepa angakhale wokondwa.
- Mndandanda. Epicurus adatenga malingaliro amalingaliro monga maziko a lingaliro lokonda chuma. Amakhulupirira kuti chilichonse chimakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsa munjira. Kumverera, nako, kumabweretsa chiyembekezo, chomwe ndi chidziwitso chenicheni. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti malingaliro, malinga ndi Epicurus, adakhala cholepheretsa kudziwa china chake.
- Fizikiki. Mothandizidwa ndi fizikiya, wafilosofi uja adayesetsa kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa dziko lapansi, zomwe zingalole kuti munthu apewe mantha oti kulibe. Epicurus adati chilengedwe chonse chimakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri (ma atomu) oyenda mumlengalenga wopanda malire. Maatomu, nawonso, amaphatikizika kukhala matupi ovuta - anthu ndi milungu.
Potengera zonsezi, Epicurus adalimbikitsa kuti asawope imfa. Adafotokoza izi ndikuti maatomu amwazikana pa chilengedwe chonse, chifukwa chake mzimu umatha kukhalanso ndi thupi.
Epicurus anali wotsimikiza kuti palibe chomwe chingakhudze tsogolo la anthu. Mwamtheradi zonse zimawoneka mwangozi komanso popanda tanthauzo lakuya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti malingaliro a Epicurus adakhudza kwambiri malingaliro a John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Jeremy Bentham ndi Karl Marx.
Imfa
Malinga ndi Diogenes Laertius, chifukwa cha imfa ya wafilosofi chinali miyala ya impso, yomwe idamupatsa ululu wopweteka. Komabe, adapitilizabe kukhala wokondwa, ndikuphunzitsa masiku ake onse.
Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, Epicurus ananena mawu otsatirawa:
"Usawope imfa: ukadali wamoyo, sichoncho, ikadza, sudzakhalako"
Mwina anali mtima womwewu womwe udathandiza wanzeru kusiya dziko lino mopanda mantha. Epicurus anamwalira mu 271 kapena 270 BC. ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 72.
