Abu Ali Hussein ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sinawodziwika Kumadzulo monga Avicenna - wasayansi wakale waku Persia, wafilosofi komanso dokotala, woimira Eastern Aristotelianism. Anali dokotala wa khothi la ma emiran a Samanid ndi ma Dalemit sultans, komanso kwa nthawi yayitali anali vizier ku Hamadan.
Ibn Sina amadziwika kuti ndiye wolemba mabuku opitilira 450 m'magawo 29 a sayansi, pomwe pali 274 okha omwe adapulumuka.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Ibn Sina zomwe mwina simunamvepo.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Ibn Sina.
Mbiri ya Ibn Sina
Ibn Sina adabadwa pa Ogasiti 16, 980 m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Afshana, womwe uli mdera la Samanid.
Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lolemera. Ambiri amavomereza kuti abambo ake anali olemera.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kuyambira ali mwana, Ibn Sina adawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu mu sayansi zosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi zaka 10, anaphunzira pamtima pafupifupi Korani yonse - buku lalikulu la Asilamu.
Popeza Ibn Sina anali ndi chidziwitso chodabwitsa, abambo ake anamutumiza kusukulu, komwe malamulo ndi mfundo zachisilamu zidaphunziridwa mozama. Komabe, aphunzitsi amayenera kuvomereza kuti mnyamatayo anali wodziwa bwino kwambiri nkhani zosiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe Ibn Sina anali ndi zaka 12 zokha, aphunzitsi onse ndi anzeru akumaloko adabwera kwa iye kuti adzawapatse upangiri.
Ku Bukhara, Avicenna adaphunzira nzeru, malingaliro ndi zakuthambo ndi wasayansi Abu Abdallah Natli yemwe adabwera mumzinda. Pambuyo pake, adapitiliza kudziyimira pawokha pazinthu izi ndi zina.
Ibn Sina adayamba chidwi ndi zamankhwala, nyimbo ndi geometry. Mnyamatayo adachita chidwi ndi Metaphysics ya Aristotle.
Ali ndi zaka 14, mnyamatayo adasanthula ntchito zonse zomwe zikupezeka mzindawu, mwanjira ina iliyonse yokhudzana ndi zamankhwala. Adayesanso kuchiza makamaka odwala kuti agwiritse ntchito zomwe akudziwa.
Izi zidachitika kuti Emir wa Bukhara adadwala, koma palibe madokotala ake omwe amatha kuchiritsa wolamulira wa matenda ake. Zotsatira zake, Ibn Sina wachichepere adayitanidwa kwa iye, yemwe adapeza matenda oyenera ndikumupatsa chithandizo choyenera. Pambuyo pake adakhala dokotala wa emir.
Hussein anapitiliza kudziwa zambiri m'mabuku atapeza laibulale ya wolamulira.
Ali ndi zaka 18, Ibn Sina anali ndi chidziwitso chakuya kwambiri kotero kuti adayamba kukambirana momasuka ndi asayansi odziwika kwambiri aku East ndi Central Asia mwa makalata.
Ibn Sina ali ndi zaka 20 zokha, adasindikiza zolemba zingapo, kuphatikiza ma encyclopedia ambiri, mabuku azamakhalidwe, ndi dikishonale yazachipatala.
Munthawi ya mbiri yake, abambo a Ibn Sina adamwalira, ndipo Bukhara idakhala ndi mafuko aku Turkic. Pachifukwa ichi, wanzeru adaganiza zopita ku Khorezm.
Mankhwala
Atasamukira ku Khorezm, Ibn Sina adakwanitsa kupitiliza ntchito yake ya zamankhwala. Kupambana kwake kunali kwakukulu kwakuti anthu am'deralo adayamba kumutcha "mkulu wa madotolo."
Panthaŵiyo, akuluakulu a boma anali kuletsa aliyense kupasula mitembo kuti aifufuze. Pachifukwa ichi, ophwanyawo adakumana ndi chilango chonyongedwa, koma a Ibn Sina, limodzi ndi dokotala wina wotchedwa Masihi, adapitilizabe kudzifufuza mwachinsinsi kwa ena.
Popita nthawi, Sultan adazindikira izi, chifukwa chake Avicenna ndi Masikhi adaganiza zothawa. Atathawa mwachangu, asayansiwo adakumana ndi mphepo yamkuntho yamphamvu. Adasokera, ali ndi njala komanso ludzu.
A Masihi okalamba adamwalira, osakhoza kupirira mayesero ngati amenewa, pomwe Ibn Sina adangopulumuka modabwitsa.
Wasayansi ankayendayenda kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera kuzunzidwa kwa Sultan, komabe anapitilizabe kulemba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adalemba zina mwantchitozo pachishalo, pamaulendo ake ataliatali.
Mu 1016 Ibn Sina adakhazikika ku Hamadan, likulu lakale la Media. Mayikowa anali olamulidwa ndi olamulira osaphunzira, omwe sakanakhoza koma kusangalatsa woganiza.
Avicenna posakhalitsa adalandira udindo wa dokotala wamkulu wa emir, ndipo pambuyo pake adapatsidwa udindo wa minister-vizier.
Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yakale Ibn Sina adakwanitsa kumaliza kulemba gawo loyamba la ntchito yake yayikulu - "Canon of Medicine". Pambuyo pake adzawonjezeredwa ndi magawo ena anayi.
Bukuli limayang'ana kwambiri pofotokoza matenda osachiritsika, opareshoni, kuphwanya kwa mafupa, ndikukonzekera mankhwala. Wolemba adanenanso zamankhwala azachipatala akale ku Europe ndi Asia.
Chodabwitsa, Ibn Sina adatsimikiza kuti ma virus amakhala ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osawoneka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Pasteur adatsimikizira zaka 8 zokha pambuyo pake.
M'mabuku ake, Ibn Sina adafotokozanso mitundu ndi momwe zimakhalira. Anali dokotala woyamba kufotokoza matenda akulu monga kolera, mliri, jaundice, ndi zina zambiri.
Avicenna adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mawonekedwe. Anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka diso la munthu.
Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, anthu am'nthawi ya Ibn Sina amaganiza kuti diso ndi mtundu wa tochi yokhala ndi cheza chochokera mwapadera. Munthawi yochepa kwambiri, "Canon of Medicine" idakhala buku lofotokoza zofunikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Nzeru
Ntchito zambiri za Ibn Sina zidatayika kapena kulembedwanso ndi omasulira osaphunzira. Komabe, ntchito zambiri za asayansi zidakalipobe mpaka pano, kuthandiza kumvetsetsa malingaliro ake pazinthu zina.
Malinga ndi Avicenna, sayansi idagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Wam'mwambamwamba.
- Avereji.
- Otsika kwambiri.
Ibn Sina anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri afilosofi komanso asayansi omwe adawona Mulungu ngati chiyambi cha mfundo zonse.
Pambuyo pozindikira zamuyaya za dziko lapansi, anzeruwo adaganiziranso mozama za moyo wamunthu, womwe udadziwonetsera m'mitundu ndi matupi osiyanasiyana (monga nyama kapena munthu) padziko lapansi, pambuyo pake udabwerera kwa Mulungu.
Lingaliro la nzeru za a Ibn Sina adatsutsidwa ndi anzeru achiyuda komanso a Sufis (asilamu achi Islam). Komabe, malingaliro a Avicenna adavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri.
Zolemba ndi sayansi ina
Ibn Sina nthawi zambiri amalankhula zazinthu zazikulu kudzera pakusintha. Momwemonso adalemba zolemba ngati "A Treatise on Love", "Hai ibn Yakzan", "Mbalame" ndi ena ambiri.
Wasayansi adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa psychology. Mwachitsanzo, adagawaniza mawonekedwe a anthu m'magulu anayi:
- kutentha;
- kuzizira;
- yonyowa;
- youma.
Ibn Sina adachita bwino kwambiri pamakina, nyimbo ndi zakuthambo. Anathanso kudziwonetsera ngati katswiri wamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, adaphunzira momwe angatengere ma hydrochloric, sulfuric ndi nitric acid, potaziyamu ndi sodium hydroxides.
Ntchito zake zikupitilirabe chidwi padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri amakono amadabwa ndi momwe adakwanitsira kufikira mapiriwa panthawiyo.
Moyo waumwini
Pakadali pano, olemba mbiri ya Ibn Sina sadziwa chilichonse chokhudza moyo wake.
Wasayansi nthawi zambiri amasintha malo ake okhala, akusuntha kuchoka kudera lina kupita kwina. Ziri zovuta kunena ngati adakwanitsa kuyambitsa banja, chifukwa chake nkhaniyi ikubweretsabe mafunso ambiri kuchokera kwa olemba mbiri.
Imfa
Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, wafilosofiyu adadwala matenda opweteka m'mimba omwe samatha kudzichiritsa. Ibn Sina anamwalira pa June 18, 1037 ali ndi zaka 56.
Usiku woti aphedwa mawa lake, Avicenna analamula kuti akapolo ake onse amasulidwe, kuwapatsa mphotho, ndikugawa chuma chake chonse kwa osauka.
Ibn Sina adayikidwa m'manda ku Hamadan pafupi ndi khoma la mzindawo. Pasanathe chaka, mafupa ake adatengedwa kupita ku Isfahan ndipo adayikidwanso ku mausoleum.
Zithunzi za Ibn Sina
