Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin-Tavriichesky - Kazembe waku Russia, mlengi wa Black Sea Military Fleet ndi wamkulu wawo woyamba, Field Marshal General. Anayang'anira kulandidwa kwa Tavria ndi Crimea kupita ku Russia, komwe anali ndi mayiko ambiri.
Wodziwika kuti amakonda kwambiri Catherine II komanso woyambitsa mizinda ingapo, kuphatikiza malo amakono: Yekaterinoslav (1776), Kherson (1778), Sevastopol (1783), Nikolaev (1789).
Mu mbiri ya Grigory Potemkin, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi ntchito zake pagulu komanso moyo wamunthu.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Grigory Potemkin.
Wambiri Potemkin
Grigory Potemkin adabadwa pa Seputembara 13 (24), 1739 m'mudzi wa Smolensk ku Chizhevo.
Iye anakula ndipo anakulira m'banja la anapuma Major Alexander Vasilyevich ndi mkazi wake Daria Vasilyevna. Pamene Grisha anali ndi zaka 7, bambo ake anamwalira, chifukwa amayi ake anali nawo kulera mwanayo.
Ali mwana, Potemkin adasiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro akuthwa ndi ludzu la chidziwitso. Ataona izi, amayi adapereka mwana wawo wamwamuna ku sukulu yophunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi ku Moscow.
Pambuyo pake, Grigory adakhala wophunzira ku University of Moscow, amalandila maluso onse.
Chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe adachita mu sayansi, Gregory adapatsidwa mendulo yagolide ndipo adapatsidwa pakati pa ophunzira khumi ndi awiri opambana a Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Komabe, patatha zaka 5, mnyamatayo adathamangitsidwa ku yunivesite - mwalamulo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ntchito, koma chifukwa chofuna kuchita chiwembu.
Usilikali
Mu 1755, a Grigory Potemkin adalembetsa ku Horse Guards, ndikotheka kupitiliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite.
Patatha zaka 2, Potemkin adakwezedwa kukhala kampani ya Horse Guards. Panthawiyo mu mbiri yake, anali wodziwa Chi Greek ndi zamulungu.
Pambuyo pake, Gregory adapitilizabe kukwezedwa pantchito, atakwera paudindo wa sergeant-Major - wothandizira wamkulu wankhondo.
Mwamunayo adatenga nawo gawo paphwando lachifumu, atatha kukopa chidwi cha Mfumukazi Catherine 2. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti posachedwa mfumukaziyo idalamula Potemkin kukhala wachiwiri wa lieutenant, pomwe achiwembu ena adangolandira chimanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, Catherine adalipira malipiro a Grigory Alexandrovich, komanso adamupatsa ma serf 400.
Mu 1769 Potemkin adatenga nawo gawo pomenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi Turkey. Adadziwonetsa ngati wankhondo wolimba mtima pankhondo ya Khotin ndi mizinda ina. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake ku Fatherland, adapatsidwa Order of St. George, digiri yachitatu.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti anali Grigory Potemkin amene anatumidwa ndi mfumukazi kuti aphatikize Crimea ku Russia. Anakwanitsa kuthana ndi ntchitoyi, osadzionetsa ngati msirikali wolimba mtima, komanso ngati kazembe waluso komanso wokonzekera.
Kusintha
Mwa zina zazikulu za Potemkin ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Black Sea Fleet. Ndipo ngakhale kuti zomangamanga sizinayende bwino nthawi zonse komanso mwaluso kwambiri, pankhondo yolimbana ndi anthu a ku Turkey, gulu lankhondo linathandiza kwambiri gulu lankhondo laku Russia.
Grigory Alexandrovich ankayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe ndi zida za asirikali. Adafafaniza mafashoni oluka, bouclie ndi ufa. Kuphatikiza apo, kalonga adalamula kuti apange asirikali opepuka komanso owonda.
Potemkin anasintha kapangidwe ka magulu oyenda, kuwagawa magawo ena. Kuwonjezeka kwa kayendetsedwe kake ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa moto umodzi.
Asirikali wamba amalemekeza a Grigory Potemkin chifukwa chothandizira ubale wachifundo pakati pa asirikali wamba ndi oyang'anira.
Asitikali adayamba kulandira chakudya ndi zida zabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ukhondo kwa asirikali wamba wayenda bwino.
Ngati oyang'anira adalolera kugwiritsa ntchito omwe ali pansi pawo pazolinga zawo, atha kuweruzidwa kuti alangidwe pagulu chifukwa cha izi. Zotsatira zake, zadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa ulemu ndi kulemekezana.
Mizinda yoyambitsa
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Grigory Potemkin adakhazikitsa mizinda yambiri kumwera kwa Russia.
Kalonga wake wa Serene adapanga Kherson, Nikolaev, Sevastopol ndi Yekaterinoslav. Adalimbikira kukonza mizinda, kuyesera kudzaza ndi anthu.
M'malo mwake, Potemkin anali wolamulira wamkulu wa Moldavia. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pamayiko omwe akukhalamo adayika atsogoleri a oyimilira akumaloko. Ndi ichi, adakwanitsa kupambana akuluakulu aku Moldova, omwe adapempha Grigory Alexandrovich kuti aziyang'anira ndi kuteteza madera awo.
Mfumukazi ankakonda kutsatira mfundo zofanana m'tsogolo.
Pomwe mabwana ena amafuna kuthetseratu chikhalidwe m'maiko olandilidwawo, Potemkin adachita zosiyana. Sanakhazikitse lamulo lililonse, komanso anali ololera Ayuda.
Moyo waumwini
Grigory Potemkin sanakwatire konse mwalamulo. Komabe, kwa nthawi yayitali ankakonda kwambiri Catherine Wamkulu.
Malinga ndi zomwe zidatsalira, mu 1774 kalonga adakwatirana mfumukazi mwachinsinsi mu umodzi mwamatchalitchi.
Olemba mbiri angapo a Potemkin akuti banjali linali ndi mwana wamkazi, yemwe amatchedwa Elizaveta Temkina. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kutaya syllable yoyamba mu dzinalo kunali kofala, chifukwa chake abambo a Gregory ndioposa.
Komabe, amayi a Catherine 2 akukayika, popeza panthawi yomwe mtsikanayo ankabadwa anali ndi zaka 45.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Potemkin amadziwika kuti ndiye yekhayo amene amakonda kwambiri tsarina, yemwe, atathetsa chibwenzi, adapitilizabe kumuwona pafupipafupi.
Pamapeto pa ntchito yake, Grigory Alexandrovich adakonza moyo wake m'njira yankhanza. Adayitanitsa azilongo ake kunyumba yake yachifumu, omwe adagwirizana naye kwambiri.
Popita nthawi, Potemkin anakwatira atsikana.
Imfa
A Grigory Potemkin anali athanzi labwino ndipo sanali kudwala matenda aliwonse.
Komabe, popeza kalonga anali nthawi zambiri kumunda, nthawi zina ankadwala matenda omwe amafalikira kunkhondo. Imodzi mwa matendawa idatsogolera anthu kumunda kuti afe.
M'dzinja la 1791, Grigory Alexandrovich adadwala malungo apakatikati. Wodwalayo anali atakhala mchombo mwachangu, chomwe chimachokera mumzinda wa Yassy ku Moldova kupita ku Nikolaev.
Koma Potemkin analibe nthawi yofikira komwe amapita. Ataona kuti wayandikira kufa, adapempha kuti apite naye kumunda, popeza sanafune kufera m'galimoto.
Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin anamwalira pa Okutobala 5 (16), 1791 ali ndi zaka 52.
Thupi la oyang'anira m'munda lidakonzedwa ndipo, mwalamulo la Catherine II, adayikidwa m'manda achitetezo a Kherson. Pambuyo pake, mwa lamulo la Emperor Paul, zotsalira za Potemkin zinaikidwa m'manda, kuzipereka padziko lapansi malinga ndi miyambo ya Orthodox.