Dioginisi wa Sinop - Wafilosofi wakale wachi Greek, wophunzira wa Antisthenes, woyambitsa sukulu Yosuliza. Anali Diogenes yemwe amakhala mumtsuko ndipo, akuyenda masana ndi nyali, anali kufunafuna "munthu wowona mtima." Monga wonyoza, adanyoza zikhalidwe ndi miyambo yonse, komanso kunyoza mitundu yonse yazabwino.
Wambiri Dioginisi ladzala ndi aphorisms ambiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Dioginisi.
Mbiri ya Dioginisi
Dioginisi anabadwa cha m'ma 412 BC. mumzinda wa Sinop. Olemba mbiri yakale sadziwa chilichonse chokhudza ubwana wake komanso unyamata.
Zomwe timadziwa zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya woganiza zikugwirizana ndi mutu umodzi wa buku "Pa moyo, ziphunzitso ndi zonena za akatswiri anzeru zapamwamba", wolemba dzina lake Diogenes Laertius.
Dioginisi wa Sinop anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la wobwereketsa ndalama komanso wobwereketsa ndalama dzina lake Hickesius. Popita nthawi, mutu wabanja adamangidwa chifukwa chachinyengo.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti nawonso amafuna kuti amange Diosinisi m'ndende, koma mnyamatayo adatha kuthawa ku Sinop. Atayendayenda masiku ambiri, adapita ku Delphi.
Ndiko komwe Dioginisi anafunsa wolankhulirayo zoyenera kuchita kenako ndi choti achite. Yankho la oracle, monga nthawi zonse, linali losamveka bwino ndipo limamveka motere: "Chitani zowunikanso zamakhalidwe."
Komabe, panthawiyo mu mbiri yake, Dioginesi sanasamale malangizo omwe anapatsidwa, akupitiliza ulendo wake.
Nzeru za Dioginisi
Mukuyenda kwake, Dioginesi adafika ku Atene, komwe adamva zonena za wafilosofi Antisthenes m'bwalo lalikulu la mzindawo. Zomwe Antisthenes adanena zidamukopa kwambiri mnyamatayo.
Zotsatira zake, Dioginisi adasankha kukhala wotsatira ziphunzitso za wafilosofi waku Atene.
Popeza analibe ndalama, sakanatha kubwereka chipinda, samatha kugula nyumba. Ataganizira, Dioginisi adachitapo kanthu mwamphamvu.
Wophunzira wosimidwa uja adadzipangira yekha nyumba mu mbiya yayikulu ya ceramic, yomwe adakumba pafupi ndi bwaloli. Izi ndi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mawu oti "mbiya ya Dioginisi".
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Antisthenes adakwiya kwambiri ndikupezeka kwa mlendo wokhumudwitsa. Nthawi ina adamkwapula ndi ndodo kuti achoke, koma izi sizinathandize.
Ndiye Antisthenes sakanakhoza ngakhale kulingalira kuti anali Dioginisi amene adzakhala nthumwi yowala kwambiri ya Sukulu Kusuliza.
Malingaliro a Diogenes anali okhudzana ndi kudzimana. Iye anali wachilendo ku zabwino zilizonse zomwe anthu omuzungulira anali ofunitsitsa.
Openga adakopeka ndikugwirizana ndi chilengedwe, kunyalanyaza malamulo, akuluakulu ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Amadzitcha kuti ndi nzika zakunja - nzika zadziko lapansi.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Antisthenes, malingaliro a Atene kwa Diogenes adakula kwambiri, ndipo panali zifukwa zina. Anthu amutauni amaganiza kuti wapenga.
Dioginisi amatha kuchita maliseche pamalo opezeka anthu ambiri, kuyimirira maliseche ndikusamba ndikuchita zina zambiri zosayenera.
Komabe, kutchuka kwa wopenga wafilosofi tsiku ndi tsiku kunakulirakulira. Zotsatira zake, Alexander Wamkulu amafuna kulankhula naye.
Plutarch akuti Alexander adadikirira nthawi yayitali kuti Diogenes abwere kwa iye kudzalemekeza, koma adakhala nthawi yayitali kunyumba. Kenako mkulu wa asilikali anakakamizika kupita payekha payekha.
Alesandro Wamkulu adapeza kuti Dioginisi ikutentha padzuwa. Atamuyandikira anati,
- Ndine Tsar Alexander wamkulu!
- Ndipo ine, - ndinayankha wanzeru, - galu Diogenes. Aliyense amene aponya chidutswa - ndimayendetsa, amene satero - ndimafuula, amene ali woipa - ndimaluma.
"Mukundiwopa?" Alexander adafunsa.
- Ndipo ndinu chiyani, chabwino kapena choipa? Wafilosofi anafunsa.
"Zabwino," adatero.
- Ndipo ndani amaopa zabwino? - anamaliza Diogenes.
Atakhudzidwa ndi mayankho amenewa, wamkulu wankhondo pambuyo pake akuti ananena izi:
"Ndikadakhala kuti sindine Alexander, ndikadakhala Diogenes."
Wafilosofi mobwerezabwereza adakangana pamikangano yayikulu ndi Plato. Komabe, adakumananso ndi anzeru ena otchuka, kuphatikiza Anaximenes waku Lampsax ndi Aristippus.
Nthawi ina anthu amutauni adamuwona Dioginisi masana akuyenda kupyola mabwalo amzindawu atanyamula nyali m'manja mwake. Nthawi yomweyo, wafilosofi "wopenga" nthawi ndi nthawi amafuula mawu akuti: "Ndikufuna munthu."
Mwanjira imeneyi, mwamunayo adawonetsa malingaliro ake pagulu. Nthawi zambiri amadzudzula anthu aku Atene, akuwanena zoyipa zambiri.
Nthawi ina, pomwe Diogenes adayamba kugawana zakukhosi ndi odutsa pamsika, palibe amene adalabadira zolankhula zake. Kenako analira kwambiri ngati mbalame, pambuyo pake anthu ambiri anasonkhana momuzungulira.
Wopusitsayo adati mokwiya: "Uwu ndiye mulingo wa chitukuko chako, ndipoti, ndikamanena zinthu zanzeru, adandinyalanyaza, koma ndikalira ngati tambala, aliyense adayamba kundimvera mwachidwi."
Madzulo a nkhondo pakati pa Agiriki ndi mfumu yaku Makedoniya Filipo 2, Diogenes adapita pagombe la Aegina. Komabe, ikuyenda, sitimayo inagwidwa ndi achifwamba omwe amapha okweramo kapena kuwamanga.
Atakhala mkaidi, Dioginisi posakhalitsa adagulitsidwa kwa a Xeanides aku Korinto. Mwini wafilosofi uja adamulangiza kuti aphunzitse ndi kuphunzitsa ana ake. Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti wafilosofi anali mphunzitsi wabwino.
Dioginesi sanangogawana chidziwitso chake ndi ana, komanso anawaphunzitsa kukwera ndi kuponya mivi. Kuphatikiza apo, adawalimbikitsa kukonda masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Otsatira a ziphunzitso za Diogenes, adapatsa anzeru kuti amuwombole ku ukapolo, koma iye adakana. Ananenanso kuti ngakhale atakhala momwemo akhoza kukhala - "mbuye wa mbuye wake."
Moyo waumwini
Dioginisi anali ndi malingaliro olakwika pa moyo wabanja komanso boma. Ananena poyera kuti ana ndi akazi ndizofala, ndipo palibe malire pakati pa mayiko.
Munthawi ya mbiri yake, Dioginesi analemba zolemba zafilosofi 14 ndi zovuta zingapo.
Imfa
Dioginisi anamwalira pa June 10, 323 ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 89. Pofunsidwa ndi wafilosofiyo, adayikidwa m'manda pansi.
Pa manda a otsutsa anaika mwala wamiyala ndi galu, womwe umatanthauza moyo wa Dioginesi.
Zithunzi za Dioginisi
