Asteroids amawoneka ngati fanizo labwino kwambiri lakukula kwamasamu. Pomwe akatswiri azakuthambo amayang'ana kuthambo, akukhazikitsa nyenyezi ndi mapulaneti modzidzimutsa ndikuwerengera momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi njira, akatswiri masamu adazindikira zomwe ayenera kuyang'ana ndi komwe.
Pambuyo pakupezeka kwa mapulaneti ang'onoang'ono, zidapezeka kuti ena mwa iwo amatha kuwona ndi maso. Asteroid yoyamba idapezeka mwangozi. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kafukufuku wamachitidwe adatsogolera kupezeka kwa ma asteroid masauzande, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka ndi makumi masauzande pachaka. Zofanana kwambiri ndi zinthu zakumtunda - poyerekeza ndi zina zakuthambo - kukula kwake kumalola kulingalira zakugwiritsa ntchito ma asteroid. Zambiri zosangalatsa zimakhudzana ndikupeza, kuphunzira kopitilira muyeso komanso kutukuka kotheka kwa zakuthambo izi:
1. Malinga ndi lamulo la Titius-Bode lomwe lidalipo mu zakuthambo mzaka za zana la 18, payenera kukhala kuti panali pulaneti pakati pa Mars ndi Jupiter. Kuyambira mu 1789, akatswiri a zakuthambo 24, motsogozedwa ndi a Franz Xaver aku Germany, akhala akuchita kafukufuku wogwirizana, wolunjika padziko lino lapansi. Ndipo mwayi wopeza asteroid woyamba adamwetulira pa Giuseppe Piazzi waku Italiya. Sikuti sanali membala wa gulu la Xaver, komanso sanali kufunafuna chilichonse pakati pa Mars ndi Jupiter. Piazzi adapeza Ceres koyambirira kwa 1801.
Giuseppe Piazzi anachititsa manyazi a theorists
2. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma asteroid ndi ma meteoroid. Kungoti ma asteroid ndiopitilira 30m m'mimba mwake (ngakhale ma asteroid ang'onoang'ono samakhala ozungulira), ndipo ma meteoroid ndi ochepa. Komabe, si asayansi onse omwe amavomereza za 30. Ndipo kupatuka pang'ono: meteoroid imawuluka mumlengalenga. Kugwera Padziko Lapansi, imakhala meteorite, ndipo kuwunika kuchokera panjira yake kudutsa mumlengalenga kumatchedwa meteor. Kugwa kwa meteorite kapena asteroid wa m'mimba mwake wolimba pansi kumatsimikizika kuti kumatanthauzira matanthauzidwe onse pamodzi ndi umunthu.
3. Kuchuluka kwa ma asteroid onse pakati pa Mwezi ndi Mars akuti ndi 4% ya mwezi.
4. Max Wolff angawonedwe ngati Stakhanovite woyamba kuchokera ku zakuthambo. Woyamba kuyamba kujambula malo akumlengalenga, iye yekha anapeza ma asteroid 250. Pofika nthawi imeneyo (1891), gulu lonse la zakuthambo linali litapeza zinthu pafupifupi 300 zofananira.
5. Mawu oti "asteroid" adapangidwa ndi wolemba Chingerezi Charles Burney, yemwe nyimbo yake yayikulu ndi "Mbiri ya World Music" m'mavoliyumu anayi.
6. Mpaka 2006, asteroid yayikulu kwambiri inali Ceres, koma Msonkhano Wonse wotsatira wa International Astronomical Union udakweza gulu lawo kukhala dziko laling'ono. Kampani yomwe ili m'kalasi iyi ya Ceres imachotsedwa pa mapulaneti a Pluto, komanso Eris, Makemake ndi Haumea, omwe amakhalanso kupitirira njira ya Neptune. Chifukwa chake, pazifukwa zomveka, Ceres salinso asteroid, koma pulaneti yaying'ono yoyandikira kwambiri ku Dzuwa.
7. Asteroids ali ndi tchuthi chawo chaukadaulo. Ikukondwerera pa 30 Juni. Mwa omwe adayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumukazi gitala Brian May, Ph.D. pakufufuza zakuthambo.
8. Nthano yokongola yokhudza dziko la Phaethon, yomwe idang'ambika ndi kukopa kwa Mars ndi Jupiter, siyodziwika ndi sayansi. Malinga ndi mtundu wovomerezeka kwambiri, kukopa kwa Jupiter sikunalole kuti Phaeton apange, kuyamwa unyinji wake wonse. Koma pa ma asteroid ena madzi, kapena kuti, ayezi, adapezeka, ndi ena - mamolekyulu a organic. Sakanakhoza kuyambitsa pawokha pazinthu zazing'ono ngati izi.
9. Kanema watiphunzitsa kuti Asteroid Belt ndichinthu chonga Moscow Ring Road nthawi yothamanga. M'malo mwake, ma asteroid omwe ali m'lambawo amalekanitsidwa ndi ma kilomita mamiliyoni ambiri, ndipo sali mgulu lomwelo.
10. Pa Juni 13, 2010, chombo chaku Japan chotchedwa Hayabusa chinapereka zitsanzo za nthaka kuchokera ku asteroid Itokawa kupita ku Earth. Malingaliro onena za kuchuluka kwazitsulo mu ma asteroid sanakwaniritsidwe - za 30% zachitsulo zidapezeka muzitsanzozo. Ndege ya Hayabusa-2 ikuyembekezeka kudzafika Padziko Lapansi mu 2020.
11. Ngakhale migodi ya chitsulo chokha - ndi ukadaulo woyenera - ingapangitse kuti migodi ya asteroid ikhale yogulitsa. Kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, zinthu zachitsulo siziposa 10%.
12. Kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi komanso zitsulo zolemera pa ma asteroid kumalonjeza ngakhale phindu lochuluka. Chilichonse chomwe anthu akukumba pansi pano ndi zotsalira za kuphulika kwa dziko lapansi ndi ma meteorite ndi ma asteroid. Zitsulo zomwe zimapezeka padziko lapansi kwakhala zikusungunuka kwanthawi yayitali, zitatsikira mmenemo chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yokoka.
13. Palinso mapulani okoloni ndikuwongolera koyambirira kwa zopangira pa ma asteroid. Olimba mtima kwambiri mwa iwo amaganiza zokoka asteroid kuti izungulira mozungulira Padziko Lapansi ndikupereka pafupifupi zitsulo zenizeni padziko lapansi. Zovuta zamtundu wa mphamvu yokoka, kufunika kokhazikitsa malo opangira ndalama komanso mtengo wonyamula zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa sizingagonjetsedwe mpaka pano.
14. Panali kugawanika kwa ma asteroid kukhala kaboni, silicon ndi chitsulo, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ma asteroid ambiri ndi osakanikirana.
15. Zikuwoneka kuti ma dinosaurs adatha chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo komwe kudachitika chifukwa cha asteroid. Kuwombana uku kukadatha kukweza mabiliyoni ambirimbiri a fumbi mlengalenga, kusintha nyengo ndikubera zimphona zazikuluzikulu chakudya.
16. Magulu anayi a asteroid amayenda mozungulira mozungulira Padziko lapansi ngakhale pano. Maphunzirowa amatchulidwa mwachizolowezi ndi mawu kuyambira "a", polemekeza Cupid - woyamba mwa iwo, wopezeka mu 1932. Mtunda woyandikira kwambiri wa ma asteroid owerengeka amitundu iyi kuchokera ku Earth adayesedwa makilomita makumi masauzande.
17. Chisankho chapadera cha US Congress mu 2005 chidalamula NASA kuzindikira 90% ya ma asteroid pafupi ndi Earth okhala ndi mulingo woposa 140 mita. Ntchitoyi iyenera kumalizidwa ndi 2020. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi zinthu 5,000 za ukuluwu ndi zoopsa izi zapezeka.
18. Kuti muwone kuopsa kwa ma asteroid, sikelo ya Turin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ndi momwe ma asteroid amapatsidwa mphotho kuyambira 0 mpaka 10. Zero sizitanthauza kuwopsa, khumi amatanthauza kugunda kotsimikizika komwe kungathe kuwononga chitukuko. Maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri - 4 - adapatsidwa Apophis mu 2006. Komabe, chiwerengerocho chidatsitsidwa mpaka zero. Palibe ma asteroid owopsa omwe akuyembekezeka mu 2018.
19. Mayiko angapo ali ndi mapulogalamu owerengera kuthekera kotha kuthana ndi ziwombankhanga kuchokera mlengalenga, koma zomwe zikupezeka zikufanana ndi malingaliro ochokera ku zopeka zasayansi. Kuphulika kwa nyukiliya, kugundana ndi chinthu choyerekeza champhamvu chofananira, kukoka, mphamvu ya dzuwa ngakhalenso magetsi amagetsi amawerengedwa ngati njira yolimbana ndi ma asteroid owopsa.
20. Pa Marichi 31, 1989, ogwira ntchito ku Palomar Observatory ku United States adapeza asteroid Asclepius wokhala ndi mamitala pafupifupi 600. Palibe chapadera pazopezeka, kupatula kuti masiku 9 asadatulukidwe, Asclepius adaphonya Dziko Lapansi pasanathe maola 6.
