Alessandro Cagliostro, Kuwerengera Cagliostro (dzina lenileni Giuseppe Giovanni Batista Vincenzo Pietro Antonio Matteo Franco Balsamo; 1743-1795) - wachinsinsi waku Italiya komanso wofufuza yemwe adadzitchula mayina osiyanasiyana. Amadziwikanso ku France monga Joseph Balsamo.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Count Cagliostro, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Cagliostro.
Mbiri ya Alessandro Cagliostro
Giuseppe Balsamo (Cagliostro) adabadwa pa Juni 2, 1743 (malinga ndi zomwe zina, Juni 8) mumzinda waku Palermo waku Italy. Anakulira m'banja la wamalonda wa nsalu Pietro Balsamo ndi mkazi wake Felicia Poacheri.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ngakhale ali mwana, katswiri wamankhwala wamtsogolo anali ndi chidwi ndi zochitika zamitundu yonse. Adawonetsa chidwi chamatsenga, pomwe maphunziro akusukulu anali chizolowezi chake.
Popita nthawi, Cagliostro adathamangitsidwa kusukulu ya parishi chifukwa chamwano. Kuti aphunzitse mwana wake malingaliro oti aganizire, amake adamutumiza kunyumba ya amonke ku Benedictine. Apa mnyamatayo adakumana ndi m'modzi mwa amonke omwe amadziwa za chemistry ndi zamankhwala.
Mmonkeyo adazindikira chidwi cha wachinyamata pakuyesa zamankhwala, chifukwa chake adagwirizana kuti amuphunzitse zoyambira za sayansiyi. Komabe, wophunzirayo mosasamala atawapeza olakwa, adaganiza zomuchotsa pamakoma a nyumba ya amonke.
Malinga ndi Alessandro Cagliostro, mulaibulale ya amonke adatha kuwerenga zolemba zambiri, zamankhwala ndi zakuthambo. Atabwerera kunyumba, adayamba kupangira "machiritso", ndikupangira zikalata ndikugulitsa "mamapu okhala ndi chuma chobisika" kwa anthu omwe ali osazindikira.
Pambuyo pa machenjerero angapo, mnyamatayo adakakamizidwa kuthawa mumzinda. Adapita ku Messina, komwe mwachidziwikire adatenga dzina labodza - Count Cagliostro. Izi zidachitika atamwalira azakhali ake a Vincenza Cagliostro. Giuseppe anatenga osati dzina lake lomaliza, komanso anayamba kudzitcha yekha kuwerengera.
Zochita za Cagliostro
M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, Alessandro Cagliostro adapitilizabe kufunafuna "mwala wafilosofi" ndi "mankhwala osakhoza kufa." Anakwanitsa kuyendera France, Italy ndi Spain, komwe adapitilizabe kunyenga anthu osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi iliyonse kuwerengera kunayenera kuthawa, kuwopa kubwezera chifukwa cha "zozizwitsa" zake. Ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 34 adabwera ku London. Anthu am'deralo amamutcha mosiyana: wamatsenga, mchiritsi, wopenda nyenyezi, katswiri wazachilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Cagliostro mwiniyo adadzitcha yekha munthu wamkulu, akukamba za momwe angayankhulire ndi mizimu ya akufa, kutembenuza lead kukhala golide ndikuwerenga malingaliro a anthu. Ananenanso kuti anali mkati mwa mapiramidi aku Egypt, komwe adakumana ndi anzeru osakhoza kufa.
Kunali ku England komwe Alessandro Cagliostro adatchuka kwambiri ndipo adalandiridwa mu malo ogona a Masonic. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anali katswiri wazamaganizidwe. Pokambirana ndi anthu, adangoyankhula chabe za kubadwa kwake zaka zikwi zapitazo - mchaka cha kuphulika kwa Vesuvius.
Cagliostro adatsimikiziranso omvera kuti m'moyo wake "wautali" anali ndi mwayi wolumikizana ndi mafumu ambiri odziwika komanso mafumu. Anatsimikiziranso kuti wathetsa chinsinsi cha "mwala wafilosofi" ndipo adatha kupanga chofunikira cha moyo wosatha.
Ku England, Count Cagliostro adapeza chuma chambiri popanga miyala yamtengo wapatali ndikuganiza zopambana mu lottery. Inde, adachitabe zachinyengo, zomwe adalipira pakapita nthawi.
Mwamunayo anagwidwa ndi kuponyedwa m'ndende. Komabe, aboma adachita kumumasula, chifukwa chosowa umboni wa milandu yomwe adapereka. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti posakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mwanjira inayake adakopa azimayi kwa iwo eni, kuwagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Atamasulidwa, Cagliostro anazindikira kuti ayenera kuchoka ku England msanga. Atasintha mayiko ena angapo, adapita ku Russia mu 1779.
Atafika ku St. Petersburg, Alessandro adadzitcha dzina la Count Phoenix. Anakwanitsa kuyandikira Prince Potemkin, yemwe adamuthandiza kupita kubwalo lamilandu la Catherine 2. Zolemba zomwe zidatsalapo zikuti Cagliostro anali ndi mtundu wina wamatsenga anyama, womwe ungatanthauze kutsirikidwa.
Ku likulu la Russia, chiwerengerocho chidapitilizabe kuwonetsa "zozizwitsa": adathamangitsa ziwanda, adaukitsa kalonga wakhanda Gagarin, komanso adapatsa Potemkin kuti awonjezere golide wa kalonga katatu, pokhapokha atapeza gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Pambuyo pake, mayi wa mwana "woukitsidwayo" adazindikira kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zina zachinyengo za Alessandro Cagliostro zidayamba kuwululidwa. Komabe, Chitaliyana mwanjira inayake idakwanitsa katatu golide wa Potemkin. Momwe adachitira izi sizikudziwika bwinobwino.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 9 ku Russia, Cagliostro adayambiranso kuthamanga. Adapita ku France, Holland, Germany ndi Switzerland, komwe adapitilizabe kuchita zachinyengo.
Moyo waumwini
Alessandro Cagliostro anali wokwatiwa ndi mkazi wokongola wotchedwa Lorenzia Feliciati. Okwatiranawo adachita nawo zinyengo zosiyanasiyana limodzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamavuto.
Pali milandu yambiri yodziwika pomwe chiwerengerocho chimagulitsadi thupi la mkazi wake. Mwanjira imeneyi, amapeza ndalama kapena amalipira ngongole. Komabe, ndi a Laurencia omwe azitenga gawo lomaliza pakufa kwa amuna awo.
Imfa
Mu 1789, Alessandro ndi mkazi wake anabwerera ku Italy, komwe sikunali kofanana ndi kale. M'dzinja la chaka chomwecho, okwatiranawo adamangidwa. Cagliostro akuimbidwa mlandu wogwirizana ndi Freemason, warlock ndi ziwembu.
Udindo wofunikira povumbula chinyengo chimaseweredwa ndi mkazi wake, yemwe anachitira umboni zotsutsana ndi mwamuna wake. Komabe, izi sizinathandize Lorenzia mwiniwake. Anamangidwa m'nyumba ya amonke, komwe adamwalira.
Mlanduwo utatha, a Cagliostro anaweruzidwa kuti awotchedwe pamtengo, koma Papa Pius VI anasintha kuphedwa kuja kukhala m'ndende moyo wonse. Pa Epulo 7, 1791, mwambo wapagulu wolapa udakonzedwa mu Mpingo wa Santa Maria. Munthu woweruzidwayo atagwada komanso atanyamula kandulo m'manja mwake anapempha Mulungu kuti amukhululukire, ndipo mkati mwa zonsezi, wopha mnzakeyo anatentha mabuku ake amatsenga ndi zina.
Kenako mfitiyo idamangidwa munyumba yachifumu ya San Leo, komwe adakhala zaka 4. Alessandro Cagliostro adamwalira pa Ogasiti 26, 1795 ali ndi zaka 52. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, adamwalira ndi khunyu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni, wobayidwa ndi mlonda.
Zithunzi za Cagliostro
