Martin Bormann (1900-1945) - Wandale waku Germany komanso wandale, wamkulu wa NSDAP Party Chancellery, mlembi wa Hitler (1943-1945), Chief of Staff of the Deputy Fuhrer (1933-1941) and Reichsleiter (1933-1945).
Popeza sanaphunzire konse, adakhala mnzake wapamtima wa Fuhrer, chifukwa chake adalandira mayina aulemu "mthunzi wa Hitler" komanso "kadinala wotuwa wa Ulamuliro Wachitatu."
Pakutha kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, anali atakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ngati mlembi wake, kuwongolera mayendedwe azidziwitso ndi kufikira kwa Hitler.
Bormann anali m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa kuzunza Akhristu, Ayuda ndi Asilavo. Pa milandu ingapo yayikulu yochitira anthu pamilandu ya Nuremberg, adaweruzidwa kuti asaphedwe pomangirira.
Mbiri ya Bormann ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Martin Bormann.
Mbiri ya Bormann
Martin Bormann adabadwa pa June 17, 1900 mumzinda waku Germany wa Wegeleben. Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la Lutheran la Theodor Bormann, yemwe ankagwira ntchito positi ofesi, ndi mkazi wake Antonia Bernhardina Mennong.
Kuphatikiza pa Martin, makolo ake anali ndi mwana wina wamwamuna, Albert. Anazi anali ndi mchimwene wake wamwamuna komanso mlongo wake kuchokera kuukwati wakale wa abambo ake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Tsoka loyamba mu mbiri ya Martin Bormann lidachitika ali ndi zaka 3, pomwe abambo ake adamwalira. Pambuyo pake, mayiyo adakwatiranso kwa banker yaying'ono. Pambuyo pake, mnyamatayo adayamba kuphunzira zaulimi mu malo amodzi.
Pakati pa 1918, Martin adayitanidwa kuti azikagwira ntchito yankhondo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti sanali kutsogolo, nthawi yonseyi adatsalira kundende.
Atabwerera kunyumba, Bormann adagwira ntchito kwakanthawi pamagetsi, pambuyo pake adayendetsa famu yayikulu. Posakhalitsa adalowa gulu lotsutsana ndi achi Semiti omwe mamembala ake anali alimi. Pomwe inflation ndi ulova zimayamba mdziko muno, minda ya alimi idayamba kulandidwa pafupipafupi.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti ku Germany, magulu apadera a Freikor adayamba kupangidwa, omwe amateteza chuma cha alimi. Mu 1922, Martin adalowa mgululi, pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala wamkulu komanso msungichuma.
Patapita zaka zingapo, Bormann anathandiza mnzake kupha mphunzitsi pasukulu, amene zigawenga amaganiza za ukazitape. Chifukwa cha ichi adagamulidwa kuti akhale m'ndende chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pake adamasulidwa parole.
Ntchito
Martin Bormann atangolowa chipani cha Nazi mu 1927, adagwira ntchito ku nyuzipepala yofalitsa nkhani ngati mlembi wa atolankhani. Komabe, chifukwa chakusowa kwa luso loimba, adaganiza zosiya utolankhani ndikuyamba zachuma.
Chaka chotsatira, Bormann adakhazikika ku Munich, komwe adatumikira ku Assault Division (SA). Patatha zaka zingapo, adachoka ku SA kuti ayambe "Nazi Party Mutual Aid Fund" yomwe adayambitsa.
Martin adayambitsa dongosolo lomwe membala aliyense wachipani amafunika kupereka ndalama kuthumba. Ndalama zomwe analandila zinali zokomera mamembala achipani omwe adavulala kapena kumwalira pomenyera nkhondo kuti chipani cha Nazi chikhale. Nthawi yomweyo adathetsa zovuta za ogwira ntchito, komanso adapanga gulu lamagalimoto, lomwe cholinga chake chinali kupereka mayendedwe kwa mamembala a NSDAP.
A Nazi atayamba kulamulira mu 1933, Bormann adapatsidwa udindo wa Chief of Staff of Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess ndi mlembi wawo. Chifukwa chantchito yake yabwino adakwezedwa mpaka kukhala Reichsleiter.
Pambuyo pake, Hitler adayamba kucheza kwambiri ndi Martin kotero kuti womalizirayo adayamba kugwira ntchito ya mlembi wake. Kumayambiriro kwa 1937, Bormann adapatsidwa dzina la SS Gruppenfuehrer, momwe mphamvu yake ku Germany idakulirakulira.
Nthawi zonse Fuehrer akamalamula pakamwa, nthawi zambiri amawauza kudzera mwa Martin Bormann. Zotsatira zake, munthu wina atagwidwa ndi manyazi a "imvi yotsogola", adalandidwa mwayi wopezeka kwa Hitler.
Mwa zokopa zake, Bormann adachepetsa mphamvu ya Goebbels, Goering, Himmler ndi ena odziwika. Chifukwa chake, anali ndi adani ambiri, omwe adawanyansa.
Mu 1941, mtsogoleri wa Ulamuliro Wachitatu adasankha Martin kuti atsogolere Party Chancellery, yomwe inali pansi pa Hitler osati wina aliyense. Chifukwa chake, Bormann adalandira mphamvu zopanda malire, zomwe zimakula chaka chilichonse.
Mwamunayo anali pafupi ndi Fuhrer, chifukwa chake Martin adayamba kumutcha "mthunzi". Pamene Hitler anayamba kuzunza okhulupirira, Bormann adamuthandiza kwathunthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, adapempha kuti awononge akachisi ndi zinthu zonse zachipembedzo. Anadana kwambiri ndi Chikhristu, ndipo chifukwa chake ansembe ambiri amapititsidwa kundende zozunzirako anthu.
Nthawi yomweyo, Bormann adamenya nkhondo ndi Ayuda onse, ndikulandila kuthetsedwa kwawo muzipinda zamafuta. Chifukwa chake, anali m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa kuphedwa kwa Nazi, pomwe Ayuda pafupifupi 6 miliyoni adamwalira.
Mu Januwale 1945, Martin ndi Hitler adakhazikika munyumbayi. Iye anali odzipereka kwa Fuhrer mpaka tsiku lomaliza, kuchita malamulo ake onse.
Moyo waumwini
Bormann ali ndi zaka 29, adakwatirana ndi Gerda Buch, yemwe anali wochepera zaka 10 kuposa womusankhayo. Mtsikanayo anali mwana wamkazi wa a Walter Buch, wapampando wa Khothi Lalikulu Kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Adolf Hitler ndi Rudolf Hess anali mboni paukwati wa okwatirana kumene.
Gerda anali kumukondadi Martin, yemwe nthawi zambiri ankamunamiza ndipo sanayese kubisala. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti pomwe adayamba chibwenzi ndi Manya Behrens, adadziwitsa mkazi wake izi, ndipo adamulangiza choti achite.
Khalidwe losazolowereka la mtsikanayo makamaka chifukwa choti amalimbikitsa mitala. Nkhondo itafika pachimake, Gerda adalimbikitsa Ajeremani kuti azikwatirana angapo nthawi imodzi.
Banja la Borman linali ndi ana 10, m'modzi mwa iwo adamwalira ali mwana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti woyamba kubadwa wa banjali, Martin Adolf, pambuyo pake adakhala wansembe wachikatolika komanso mmishonale.
Kumapeto kwa Epulo 1945, mkazi wa Bormann adathawira ku Italy ndi ana ake, komwe patadutsa chaka chimodzi adamwalira ndi khansa. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, ana anakulira kunyumba ya ana amasiye.
Imfa
Olemba mbiri ya a Martin Bormann sangagwirizanebe kuti a Nazi adamwalira kuti komanso liti. Fuhrer atadzipha, iye, limodzi ndi anzawo atatu, adayesetsa kuthawa ku Germany.
Patapita nthawi, gululo linagawanika. Pambuyo pake, Bormann, limodzi ndi Stumpfegger, adayesa kuwoloka Spree River, atabisala kuseli kwa thanki yaku Germany. Zotsatira zake, asitikali aku Russia adayamba kuwombera mu thankiyo, chifukwa chake aku Germany adawonongedwa.
Matupi a Anazi omwe anali kuthawa pambuyo pake adapezeka pagombe, kupatula thupi la Martin Bormann. Pachifukwa ichi, matembenuzidwe ambiri adawoneka, malinga ndi momwe "kadinala wotuwa wa Ulamuliro Wachitatu" amamuwonera wopulumuka.
Akuluakulu azamalamulo aku Britain a Christopher Creighton ati a Bormann asintha mawonekedwe ake ndikuthawira ku Paraguay, komwe adamwalira mu 1959. Mtsogoleri wa Federal Intelligence Service komanso wakale wazamalamulo a Nazi a Reinhard Gehlen adatsimikizira kuti Martin anali kazembe waku Russia ndipo nkhondo itapita ku Moscow.
Ananenanso kuti mwamunayo amabisala ku Argentina, Spain, Chile ndi mayiko ena. Momwemonso, wolemba wodalirika waku Hungary a Ladislas Faragodazhe adavomereza poyera kuti adalankhula ndi Bormann ku Bolivia ku 1973.
Munthawi yamilandu ya ku Nuremberg, oweruza, posowa umboni wokwanira wakufa kwa Nazi, adamuweruza kuti aphedwe pomupachika. Atsogoleri anzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi anali kufunafuna Martin Bormann, koma palibe amene adachita bwino.
Mu 1971, olamulira a FRG adalengeza kutha kwa kusaka kwa "mthunzi wa Hitler". Komabe, chaka chotsatira, zidutswa za anthu zidapezeka zomwe zikadakhala za Bormann ndi Stumpfegger.
Atafufuza mozama, kuphatikizapo kumanganso nkhope, akatswiri adazindikira kuti awa anali zotsalira za Bormann ndi mnzake. Mu 1998, kuyesa kwa DNA kunachitika, komwe pamapeto pake kunathetsa kukayikira kuti matupi omwe apezekawo anali a Bormann ndi Stumpfegger.
Zithunzi za Bormann
