Plutarch, dzina lonse Mestrius Plutarch - wolemba wakale wachi Greek komanso wafilosofi, wodziwika pagulu la nthawi ya Roma. Amadziwika kwambiri ngati wolemba buku la "Comparative Biographies", lomwe limafotokoza zithunzi za otchuka andale aku Greece ndi Roma.
Mbiri ya Plutarch ili ndi zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera m'moyo wake wapagulu komanso pagulu.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Plutarch.
Mbiri ya Plutarch
Plutarch adabadwa mu 46 m'mudzi wa Heronia (Ufumu wa Roma). Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lolemera.
Zambiri pazaka zoyambirira za olemba mbiri ya moyo wa Plutarch sakudziwa kalikonse.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali mwana, Plutarch, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Lamprius, adaphunzira mabuku osiyanasiyana, adalandira maphunziro abwino ku Athens. Ali mwana, Plutarch adaphunzira nzeru, masamu ndi zongonena. Anaphunzira kwambiri nzeru kuchokera m'mawu a Ammonius wa Plato.
Popita nthawi, Plutarch, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Ammonius, adapita ku Delphi. Ulendo uwu udachita gawo lalikulu mu mbiri ya wolemba wamtsogolo. Anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi moyo wake komanso zolemba zake (onani zosangalatsa za mabuku).
Popita nthawi, Plutarch adayamba kugwira ntchito zaboma. Munthawi ya moyo wake, adagwira maofesi aboma angapo.
Filosofi ndi Zolemba
Plutarch adaphunzitsa ana ake aamuna kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi dzanja lake, komanso nthawi zambiri amakonza misonkhano yachinyamata mnyumbamo. Adapanga mtundu wamaphunziro achinsinsi, kuchita ngati wophunzitsa komanso wophunzitsa.
Woganiza uja amadziona ngati wotsatira Plato. Komabe, kwenikweni, iye adatsatira kusankhana - njira yopangira nthanthi pophatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidabwereka m'masukulu ena anzeru.
Ngakhale maphunziro ake, Plutarch anakumana ndi peripatetics - ophunzira Aristotle ndi Asitoiki. Pambuyo pake adatsutsa mwamphamvu ziphunzitso za Asitoiki ndi Aepikureya (onani Epicurus).
Wafilosofi nthawi zambiri amayenda padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha ichi, adakwanitsa kuyandikira kwa Neopythagoreans achiroma.
Cholowa cha Plutarch ndichachikulu kwambiri. Adalemba pafupifupi 210, ambiri mwa iwo adakalipobe mpaka pano.
Odziwika kwambiri anali "Kuyerekeza Mbiri Zakale" komanso kuzungulira "Makhalidwe Abwino", okhala ndi ntchito 78. M'ntchito yoyamba, wolemba adalemba ma 22 ofotokoza mbiri yakale ya Agiriki ndi Aroma.
Bukuli linali ndi mbiri ya Julius Caesar, Pericles, Alexander the Great, Cicero, Artaxerxes, Pompey, Solon ndi ena ambiri. Wolemba adasankha awiriawiri potengera kufanana kwa otchulidwa ndi zochitika za anthu ena.
Kuzungulira "Makhalidwe Abwino", kolemba ndi Plutarch, sikunangokhala maphunziro okha, komanso ntchito yophunzitsa. Adalankhula ndi owerenga za kuyankhula, manyazi, nzeru, ndi zina. Komanso pantchitoyi, chidwi chimaperekedwa pakulera ana.
Plutarch sanadalitsenso ndale, zomwe zinali zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa Agiriki ndi Aroma.
Adalankhulanso zandale ngati "Instruction on State Affairs" ndi "On Monarchy, Democracy and Oligarchy."
Pambuyo pake, Plutarch adapatsidwa mwayi wokhala nzika zaku Roma, komanso analandila ofesi yaboma. Komabe, posakhalitsa kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika mu mbiri ya wafilosofi.
Pamene Titus Flavius Domitian adayamba kulamulira, ufulu wolankhula udayamba kuponderezedwa m'boma. Chotsatira chake, Plutarch anakakamizika kubwerera ku Chaeronea kuti asaphedwe chifukwa cha malingaliro ake ndi zomwe ananena.
Wolemba adayendera mizinda ikuluikulu yachi Greek, ndikuwona zofunikira zambiri ndikutolera zambiri.
Izi zidalola Plutarch kufalitsa mabuku ngati "On Isis and Osiris", omwe adafotokoza za kumvetsetsa kwake nthano zakale zaku Aigupto, komanso mtundu wama voliyumu awiri - "Mafunso Achi Greek" ndi "Mafunso Achiroma".
Ntchitozi zidasanthula mbiri yamphamvu zazikulu ziwiri, zolembedwa ziwiri za Alexander Wamkulu ndi ntchito zina zingapo.
Tidziwa malingaliro anzeru za Plato chifukwa cha mabuku monga "Mafunso a Plato", "Pa Zotsutsana za Asitoiki", "Table Talks", "On the Decline of the Oracles" ndi ena ambiri.
Moyo waumwini
Sitikudziwa zambiri za banja la Plutarch. Anakwatiwa ndi Timoksen. Awiriwo anali ndi ana amuna anayi ndi mwana wamkazi m'modzi. Nthawi yomweyo, mwana wamkazi ndi m'modzi wamwamuna adamwalira ali mwana.
Powona momwe mkazi wake amafunira ana otayika, adamulembera makamaka nkhani ya "Consolation to the Wife", yomwe idakalipo mpaka pano.
Imfa
Tsiku lenileni la imfa ya Plutarch silikudziwika. Zimavomerezedwa kuti adamwalira mu 127. Ngati izi ndi zoona, ndiye kuti adakhala motere zaka 81.
Plutarch adamwalira kwawo Chaeronea, koma adayikidwa m'manda ku Delphi - malinga ndi chifuniro chake. Pamanda a anzeruwa pamakhala chipilala, chomwe akatswiri ofukula mabwinja adapeza mu 1877 panthawi yofukula.
Chigwa pamwezi ndi asteroid 6615 chimatchedwa Plutarch.
