Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) - woganiza waku Germany, m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru kwambiri mzaka za zana la 20. Ndi m'modzi mwa oimira odziwika bwino ku Germany.
Mbiri ya Heidegger ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Martin Heidegger.
Mbiri ya Heidegger
Martin Heidegger adabadwa pa Seputembara 26, 1889 mumzinda waku Germany wa Messkirche. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'mabanja achikatolika omwe amalandila ndalama zochepa. Abambo ake anali wansembe wotsika mu tchalitchi, pomwe amayi ake anali osauka.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali mwana, Martin ankaphunzira kumalo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ali mwana, ankatumikira kutchalitchi. Ali mwana, adakhazikika ku seminare ya episcopal ku Freiburg, akufuna kuti adzilole ndikukhala m'gulu la Ajezwiti.
Komabe, chifukwa cha mavuto amtima, Heidegger adayenera kuchoka kunyumba ya amonke. Ali ndi zaka 20, adakhala wophunzira wa zamulungu ku University of Freiburg. Patapita zaka zingapo, anaganiza zopita ku Faculty of Philosophy.
Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Martin adakwanitsa kuteteza zolemba ziwiri pamitu "Chiphunzitso choweruza pama psychology" ndi "Chiphunzitso cha Duns Scott pamagulu ndi tanthauzo." Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chifukwa chodwala, sanatumikire usilikari.
Mu 1915 Heidegger adagwira ntchito ngati pulofesa wothandizira ku University of Freiburg ku department of theology. Nthawi yonseyi ya mbiri yake, amalankhula. Pofika nthawiyo, anali atataya kale chidwi ndi malingaliro achikatolika ndi nzeru zachikhristu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, adapitiliza kugwira ntchito ku Yunivesite ya Marburg.
Nzeru
Malingaliro afilosofi a Martin Heidegger adayamba kuumba motsogozedwa ndi malingaliro a Edmund Husserl. Kutchuka koyamba kudamubwera ku 1927, atatulutsa zolemba zoyambirira zamaphunziro "Kukhala ndi Nthawi".
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti lero ndi "Kukhala ndi Nthawi" yomwe imawonedwa ngati ntchito yayikulu ya Heidegger. Kuphatikiza apo, bukuli tsopano ladziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20 mufilosofi yapadziko lonse. Mmenemo, wolemba adaganizira za lingaliro la kukhala.
Mawu ofunikira m'mafilosofi a Martin ndi "Dasein", omwe amafotokoza za kukhalapo kwa munthu padziko lapansi. Ikhoza kuwonedwa kokha mu prism ya zochitika, koma osati kuzindikira. Kupatula izi, "Dasein" sangathe kufotokozedwa mwanjira zomveka.
Popeza kusungidwa mchilankhulo, njira yakumvetsetsa konsekonse ndiyofunika. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Heidegger apange njira ya ontological hermeneutics, yomwe imalola kuti munthu azindikire kukhala mwachidziwikire, komanso kuwulula zinsinsi zake, osafufuza ndikusinkhasinkha.
Martin Heidegger adaganizira za metaphysics, m'njira zambiri motsogozedwa ndi nzeru za Nietzsche. Popita nthawi, adalembanso buku polemekeza, Nietzsche ndi Emptiness. M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, adapitiliza kufalitsa ntchito zatsopano, kuphatikiza Detachment, Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, ndi The Question of Technique.
Mu izi ndi zina, Heidegger adafotokozera momwe akuwonera vuto lina lanzeru. Anazi atayamba kulamulira koyambirira kwa ma 1930, adalandira malingaliro awo. Zotsatira zake, mchaka cha 1933, bambo adalowa nawo gulu la NSDAP.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Martin anali mgululi mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945). Zotsatira zake, adakhala anti-Semite, monga zikuwonekera m'mabuku ake.
Zimadziwika kuti wasayansiyo adakana thandizo lazinthu zakuthupi kwa ophunzira achiyuda, komanso sanawonekere pamaliro a aphunzitsi ake Husserl, yemwe anali Myuda. Nkhondo itatha, adachotsedwa pa ntchito yophunzitsa mpaka 1951.
Atabwezeretsedwanso ngati profesa, Heidegger adalemba ntchito zina zambiri, kuphatikiza "Njira zankhalango", "Chidziwitso ndi kusiyana", "Kulankhula chilankhulo", "Mukuganiza chiyani?" zina.
Moyo waumwini
Ali ndi zaka 27, Martin adakwatirana ndi wophunzira wake Elfriede Petrie, yemwe anali wachilutera. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Jörg. Olemba mbiri ya Heidegger akuti anali pachibwenzi ndi mnzake wa mkazi wake a Elizabeth Blochmann komanso ndi wophunzira wake Hannah Arendt.
Imfa
Martin Heidegger adamwalira pa Meyi 26, 1976 ali ndi zaka 86. Thanzi lake ndi lomwe lidamupangitsa kuti aphedwe.
Zithunzi za Heidegger
