Frederic Chopin, dzina lathunthu - Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin (1810-1849) - Wolemba Chipolishi komanso woyimba limba wochokera ku France-Poland. M'zaka zake zakubadwa amakhala ndikukhala ku France.
M'modzi mwa oimira Key of Western Europe nyimbo zachikondi, woyambitsa sukulu yaku Poland yopanga. Adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Chopin, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Fryderyk Chopin.
Mbiri ya Chopin
Fryderyk Chopin adabadwa pa Marichi 1, 1810 m'mudzi waku Poland wa Zhelyazova Wola. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lanzeru.
Abambo ake, Nicolas Chopin, anali mphunzitsi wa Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani. Amayi, Tekla Justina Kshizhanovskaya, anali ndi maphunziro apamwamba, adasewera limba bwino ndipo anali ndi mawu abwino.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kuphatikiza pa Fryderyk, atsikana ena atatu adabadwa m'banja la Chopin - Ludwika, Isabella ndi Emilia. Mnyamatayo adayamba kuwonetsa luso lapadera la nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana.
Monga Mozart, mwanayo anali wotengeka kwenikweni ndi nyimbo, wokonda kuchita bwino komanso limba lobadwa nalo. Atamvetsera izi kapena izi, Chopin amatha kulira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi zambiri amalumpha pabedi pake usiku kuti ajambulitse nyimbo yomwe amakumbukira.
Ali ndi zaka 5, Fryderyk adayamba kupereka zoimbaimba, ndipo atatha zaka 2 adaphunzira ndi woimba piano wotchuka Wojciech Zhivny. Wophunzirayo adakulitsa luso lake loimba mwazaka 12 atakhala m'modzi mwa oyimba piano abwino kwambiri mdziko muno.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti a Chopin awathandize kukana kupitiliza kuphunzitsa wachinyamatayo, popeza samatha kumupatsanso chidziwitso chatsopano. Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro a piyano, Fryderyk adaphunzirira pasukuluyi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adayamba kupita kumakalasi ophatikizira ndi wolemba Jozef Elsner.
Popita nthawi, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi Prince Anton Radziwill, yemwe adamuthandiza kudzipeza yekha pagulu. Pofika nthawi ya mbiriyo, virtuoso anali atayendera kale mayiko ambiri aku Europe, komanso kuyendera Ufumu wa Russia. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ntchito yake inakopeka Alexander I kotero kuti mfumuyo inapatsa mnyamata wamng'onoyo mphete ya diamondi.
Nyimbo ndi maphunziro
Chopin ali ndi zaka 19, adayamba kuyendera mwakhama m'mizinda ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Koma ulendo woyamba ku Europe, womwe udakonzedwa chaka chamawa, adasiyana ndi Warsaw wokondedwa.
Kupatukana ndi kwawo kudzakhala chifukwa cha chisoni chachikulu cha Frederick. Mu 1830, adaphunzira za kuukira kwa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ku Poland, chifukwa chomwe amafuna kutenga nawo mbali. Komabe, panjira, adadziwitsidwa za kuponderezedwa kwa zipolowe, zomwe zidakwiyitsa woimbayo.
Zotsatira zake, Chopin adakhazikika ku France. Pokumbukira kulimbana kodziyimira pawokha, adalemba maphunziro oyamba a 1, kuphatikiza Revolutionary Study yotchuka. Kuyambira pamenepo, wolemba sanapiteko kwawo.
Ku France, Frederic nthawi zambiri ankasewera m'nyumba za olemekezeka, samakonda kupereka zikondwerero zonse. Anali ndi abwenzi ambiri ndi abwenzi omwe amachita nawo zaluso. Anali mnzake wa oimba odziwika bwino monga Schumann, Mendelssohn, Liszt, Berlioz ndi Bellini.
Chopin adalemba zidutswa zambiri za limba. Wachita chidwi ndi ndakatulo ya Adam Mickiewicz, adapanga ma ballad 4, omwe adapereka kwa okondedwa ake ku Poland. Kuphatikiza apo, adakhala wolemba 2 concertos, 3 sonata, 4 scherzos, komanso mausiku ambiri, etudes, mazurkas, polonaises ndi ntchito zina za limba.
Olemba mbiri ya Fryderyk Chopin akuti waltz ndiye mtundu wapamtima kwambiri pantchito yake. Ma waltzes ake adawonetsa malingaliro ndi zisangalalo za mbiri yakale.
Mwamunayo adasiyanitsidwa ndi kusasinthasintha komanso kudzipatula, chifukwa chake iwo okha omwe amadziwa bwino ntchito za wolemba akhoza kudziwa umunthu wake. Chimodzi mwazitali za ntchito yake chimawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lokhala ndi ma prelude 24. Idapangidwa panthawi yonena za mbiri, pomwe virtuoso adakumana ndi chikondi ndi kulekana koyamba.
Atadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, Frederick adayamba kuphunzitsa limba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adakhala wolemba pulogalamu yapayano yapadera yomwe idathandizira oimba limba ambiri kufikira nyimbo zapamwamba.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pakati pa ophunzira ake panali atsikana ambiri ochokera kumadera apamwamba. Komabe, milandu yotchuka kwambiri anali Adolf Gutmann, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala woyimba piano komanso mkonzi wa nyimbo.
Moyo waumwini
Mu moyo wa wolemba, sizinthu zonse zomwe zinali zabwino monga mu mbiri yake yolenga. Wokondedwa wake woyamba anali Maria Wodzińska. Pambuyo pa chinkhoswe, makolo a Maria adaumiriza kuti ukwatiwo uchitike patangotha chaka chimodzi. Chifukwa chake, apongozi ake ndi apongozi ake a Chopin amafuna kuti atsimikizire za moyo wa mpongozi wawo.
Zotsatira zake, Frederick sanakwaniritse zomwe amayembekeza, ndipo chinathetsa chibwenzicho. Mnyamatayo adadutsa munthawi yovuta kwambiri ndi wokondedwa wake, akuwonetsa zowawa zake pantchito zingapo. Makamaka, ndi pomwe Sonata wachiwiri adapangidwa, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono komwe kumatchedwa "Marichi a Mariro".
Posakhalitsa, Chopin adayamba chibwenzi ndi Aurora Dupin, wodziwika bwino ndi dzina lodziwika kuti Georges Sand. Iye anali wothandizira wachikazi wachikazi. Msungwanayo sanazengereze kuvala masuti amuna ndipo amakonda kucheza ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, achinyamata adabisa ubale wawo pagulu. Kwenikweni, adakhala m'nyumba ya wokondedwa wawo ku Mallorca. Ndiko komwe Frederick adayamba kudwala komwe kudamupangitsa kuti afe mwadzidzidzi.
Nyengo yamvula pachilumbachi komanso mikangano pafupipafupi ndi Aurora idakwiyitsa chifuwa chachikulu cha Chopin. Anthu am'nthawi yamunthuyu adati msungwana woponderezayo adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi woyimba wopanda nzeru.
Imfa
Kukhala limodzi kwa zaka khumi ndi Dupin, modzaza mayeso, zidawakhudza kwambiri thanzi la Frederick. Kuphatikiza apo, kulekana naye mu 1847 kudamupangitsa kupsinjika. Chaka chotsatira, adapereka konsati yake yomaliza ku London, pambuyo pake adadwala osadzukanso.
Fryderyk Chopin adamwalira pa Okutobala 5 (17), 1849 ali ndi zaka 39. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali chifuwa chachikulu. Malinga ndi chifuniro chomaliza cha woimbayo, mtima wake udatengedwa kupita kunyumba, ndipo thupi lake lidayikidwa m'manda odziwika a ku Paris a Pere Lachaise. Gapu wokhala ndi mtima tsopano akusungidwa mu umodzi mwamatchalitchi aku Warsaw.
Chopin Zithunzi
