Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) - Wophunzira masamu wodzilemba waku France, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa masamu owerengera, kusanthula masamu, lingaliro la kuthekera ndi lingaliro la manambala. Woyimira milandu mwa ntchito, polyglot. Wolemba wa Fermat's Last Theorem, "chithunzi cha masamu chotchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse."
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Pierre Fermat, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Pierre Fermat.
Mbiri ya Pierre Fermat
Pierre Fermat adabadwa pa Ogasiti 17, 1601 mtawuni yaku France ya Beaumont de Lomagne. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la wamalonda wolemera komanso wogwira ntchito, Dominic Fermat, ndi mkazi wake Claire de Long.
Pierre anali ndi mchimwene wake mmodzi ndi alongo awiri.
Ubwana, unyamata ndi maphunziro
Olemba mbiri ya Pierre sangavomerezane komwe adaphunzirira koyambirira.
Zimavomerezeka kuti mnyamatayo amaphunzira ku Navarre College. Pambuyo pake, adalandira digiri yake yamalamulo ku Toulouse, kenako ku Bordeaux ndi Orleans.
Ali ndi zaka 30, Fermat adakhala loya wovomerezeka, chifukwa chake adatha kugula udindo wa khansala wachifumu ku Toulouse.
Pierre anali kukwera pantchito mwachangu, ndikukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo mu 1648. Apa ndipamene tinthu timene "de" tidawonekera mdzina lake, pambuyo pake adayamba kutchedwa Pierre de Fermat.
Ndiyamika bwino ndi kuyeza ntchito ya loya, mwamunayo anali ndi nthawi yambiri yaulere, yomwe amadzipereka kuti adziphunzitse. Pa nthawi imeneyo mu mbiri yake, iye anachita chidwi ndi masamu, kuphunzira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Zochita zasayansi
Pomwe Pierre anali ndi zaka 35, adalemba buku loti "Kuyambitsa chiphunzitso cha malo athyathyathya ndi malo okhalamo", pomwe adafotokozera za masomphenya ake a ma analytic geometry.
Chaka chotsatira, wasayansi adapanga "Great Theorem" yake yotchuka. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, apanganso - Fermat's Little Theorem.
Fermat amalemberana ndi akatswiri masamu, kuphatikiza Mersenne ndi Pascal, omwe adakambirana nawo lingaliro la kuthekera.
Mu 1637, nkhondo yotchuka idabuka pakati pa Pierre ndi René Descartes. Woyamba mwamakhalidwe otsutsa adatsutsa Cartesian Dioptrica, ndipo wachiwiri adapereka ndemanga zowononga zomwe Fermat adachita pofufuza.
Posakhalitsa Pierre sanazengereze kupereka mayankho olondola 2 - imodzi malinga ndi nkhani ya Fermat, ndipo inayo potengera malingaliro a "Geometry" a Descartes. Zotsatira zake, zidadziwika kuti njira ya Pierre idakhala yosavuta.
Pambuyo pake, a Descartes adapempha kuti amukhululukire mdani wake, koma mpaka kumwalira kwake adamukondera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti zomwe akatswiri anzeru zaku France adazipeza zidakalipobe mpaka pano chifukwa cholemba makalata ake akulu ndi anzawo. Ntchito yake yokhayo panthawiyo, yomwe idasindikizidwa posindikizidwa, inali "Treatise on Straightening".
Pierre Fermat, pamaso pa Newton, adatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kusiyanitsa ma tangents ndikuwerengera madera. Ndipo ngakhale sanasinthe njira zake, Newton sanakane kuti ndi malingaliro a Fermat omwe adamukakamiza kuti apange kuwunika.
Ubwino waukulu mu mbiri ya sayansi ya wasayansi akuwerengedwa kuti ndiye lingaliro la manambala.
Fermat anali wokonda kwambiri zovuta zamasamu, zomwe nthawi zambiri amakambirana ndi akatswiri ena masamu. Makamaka, iye anali ndi chidwi ndi mavuto okhudza malo amatsenga ndi cubes, komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi malamulo a manambala achilengedwe.
Pambuyo pake, Pierre adakhazikitsa njira yodziwira onse omwe adzagawe nambala ndikupanga chiphunzitso chazomwe zingaimire nambala yosasinthasintha ngati mabwalo anayi.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti njira zambiri zoyambirira za Fermat zothetsera mavuto ndi magawo omwe Fermat amagwiritsa ntchito sizikudziwika. Ndiye kuti, wasayansi sanasiye chilichonse chokhudza momwe angathetsere ntchitoyi.
Pali nkhani yodziwika pomwe Mersenne adafunsa Mfalansa kuti adziwe ngati nambala 100 895 598 169 inali yoyamba. Nthawi yomweyo adati nambala iyi inali yofanana ndi 898423 yochulukitsidwa ndi 112303, koma sananene momwe anafikira pomaliza.
Zomwe Fermat adachita bwino pamasamu anali patsogolo pa nthawi yawo ndipo adayiwalika patatha zaka 70, kufikira pomwe adatengedwa ndi Euler, yemwe adafalitsa malingaliro amachitidwe mwatsatanetsatane.
Mosakayikira, zomwe Pierre anapeza zinali zofunika kwambiri. Adakhazikitsa lamulo losiyanitsa magawo ang'onoang'ono, adapanga njira yojambulira ma tanjeti ku curve argebraic curve, ndikufotokozanso mfundo yothana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri lopeza kutalika kwa mphindikati wosasunthika.
Fermat adadutsa kuposa Descartes pomwe amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito analytic geometry mumlengalenga. Anakwanitsa kupanga maziko a chiphunzitso cha kuthekera.
Pierre Fermat anali kulankhula bwino zilankhulo 6: Chifalansa, Chilatini, Chiokitani, Chigriki, Chitaliyana ndi Chispanya.
Moyo waumwini
Ali ndi zaka 30, Pierre adakwatirana ndi msuweni wawo wamayi dzina lake Louise de Long.
Muukwatiwu, ana asanu adabadwa: Clement-Samuel, Jean, Claire, Catherine ndi Louise.
Zaka zapitazi ndi imfa
Mu 1652, Fermat adagwidwa ndi mliriwu, womwe panthawiyo unkachitika m'mizinda ndi mayiko ambiri. Komabe, adakwanitsa kuchira matenda owopsawa.
Pambuyo pake, wasayansiyo adakhala zaka 13, namwalira pa Januware 12, 1665 ali ndi zaka 63.
Anthu amakono adalankhula za Pierre ngati munthu woona mtima, wamakhalidwe abwino, wokoma mtima komanso wopanda nzeru.
Chithunzi ndi Pierre Fermat
